Mechanism of Environmental Variability in the Arctic Ocean

作为整合整个项目的平台，我们开发了北极冰海耦合模型，通过该模型检查冰海系统对大气变化的响应，并以物理-生物地球化学版本解释生物地球化学过程。一旦给定了北极涛动 (AO) 信号的大气压力模式，该模型就会再现十年间观测到的海冰覆盖变化。研究发现，通过弗拉姆海峡的水交换会增加对增强的极地涡旋的响应。深对流和浓水扩散是北极模型中没有明确解决的重要海洋过程，需要在高分辨率模型的基础上进行参数化。一项观测研究让人们更好地了解冰下混合。对北极模型的进一步分析揭示了北极涛动和冰盖变化可以相互增强的反馈机制。 … 更多 一旦冰盖减少，更多的热量就会被释放到大气中，这往往会加剧极地涡旋。其风型增加了弗拉姆海峡的水交换，有利于大西洋水渗入北冰洋。然后，更多的海冰融化。这种正反馈与北冰洋-大西洋的自振荡系统一起，激发了AO。对苏联收集的云和辐射数据进行了分析，显示出近40年来云的增加。这种对地表热通量的影响相当于冰减少导致的反照率降低所产生的影响。尽管海冰被认为是真实气候和全球变暖模拟中全球变暖的重要指标，但强烈建议在观测数据与模型结果的比较中，应仔细研究海冰和温度以外的更多参数。生物地球化学过程是重要的环境组成部分，通过对物理组成部分的反馈，对全球变暖也至关重要。在白令海、巴芬湾、波罗的海和萨罗马泻湖进行了观测，确定了每个区域的主要浮游植物种类。它们对全球变暖的影响已经被估计。苏联收集的水化学数据包括溶解氧、碱度、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和硅酸盐。该数据集经过分析，提供了加拿大盆地水柱垂直拉伸的证据。垂直运动可以解释为 Ekman 收敛或发散响应 AO 的结果。这一惊人的结果被表述为该项目的最新成果。较少的

As a platform to integrate the entire project, we have developed a coupled ice-ocean model of the Arctic, by which the responses of the ice-ocean system to the atmospheric variability are examined, and also bio-geochemical processes are interpreted in the physical-biogeochemical version. Once the atmospheric pressure pattern is given the Arctic Oscillation (AO) signal, the model has reproduced the observed sea ice cover variability at a decadal period. The water exchange through the Fram Strait is found to increase responding to the intensified Polar Vortex. Deep convection and dense water spreading are the important oceanic processes which are not explicitly resolved in the Arctic model, and are parameterized on the basis of high resolution models. An observational study has provided better understanding of under-ice mixing.The further analysis of the Arctic model has revealed the feedback mechanisms, by which the Arctic Oscillation and ice-cover variability could enhance each other. … More Once the ice cover reduces, more heat is given to the atmosphere, which tends to intensify the Polar Vortex. Its wind pattern increases the water exchange through the Fram Strait and gives favor to the Atlantic Water penetrating into the Arctic Ocean. Then, more sea ice melts. This positive feedback comes together with a self-oscillating system of the Arctic-Atlantic Ocean, and excites the AO.Cloud and radiation data collected by the Soviet Union have been analyzed to present a cloud increase in the recent 40 years. This effect on the surface heat flux is equivalent to that arising from the albedo decrease due to the ice reduction. Although the sea ice has been claimed to be an important indicator for global warming in the real climate and global warming simulation, it has been strongly suggested that more parameters than sea ice and temperature should be looked into carefuly in the comparison between observed data and model results.Bio-geochemical processes are important environmental components and also crucial to global warming through feedback to the physical component. Observations have been conducted in the Bering Sea, Baffin Bay, the Baltic Sea and Saroma Lagoon, identifying a primary species of phytoplankton in each area. Their roels for global warming have been estimated.Hydrochemical data collected by the Soviet Union include dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, phosphate, nitrate and silicate. This data set has been analyzed, giving an evidence of vertical stretching of the water column in the Canada Basin. The vertical motion can be interpreted as a consequence of Ekman convergence or divergence responding to the AO. This striking result is expressed as the most recent outcome of this project. Less