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The Comprehensive Research on the Expansion of School Autonomy in Present Germany and Its Historical Background

当代德国学校自治扩张及其历史背景综合研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610240
负责人：
ENDO Takao
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Hirosaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this research is to clarify the present condition of me strength of me autonpmy of schools hi contemporary Germany and also to analyze the historical background of these educational reform. The main results of this research are follows:1) The private school laws in southwest Germany of the 1950s became the start that changed the traditional school system in Germany and at the same time Hellmut Becker, who became later a leading person of the democratic reform movement of public schools in the latter half of 1960s thereafter, was related to this process very closely.2) Hellmut Beckers thought, which essential was in overcoming the "managed school" through creation of the "autonomic school", was consistently reflected to major reports of the German Council of Education (Deutscher Bildungsrat) , above all to the report in 1973, in which the strength of the autonomy of schools and the participation of teachers, parents and pupils were advised.3) As the direct theoretical background of German educational reform making the strength of the autonomy of schools the keynote in the 1990s, there were two pedagogy researchs, the school research on "Good school" and the school development theory, which both essentially reconfirmed the importance of the report of the German Council of Education in 1973.4) State Bremen was taken up as the typical case of present German educational reform making the strength of the autonomy of schools the keynote in the1990s. The biggest characteristic of the educational reform in State Bremen was hi the point of the creation of the "autonomic schools" through the participation and collaboration of teachers, parents and pupils.

本研究的目的在于厘清当代德国学校自治力量的现状，并分析这些教育改革的历史背景。本研究的主要成果如下：1）20世纪50年代德国西南部的私立学校法成为改变德国传统学校制度的开端，而后来成为20世纪60年代后半期公立学校民主改革运动领军人物的赫尔穆特·贝克尔也与这一过程密切相关。2）赫尔穆特·贝克尔思想的实质是通过创立“管理学校”来克服“管理学校”。 “自主学校”这一概念在德国教育委员会（Deutscher Bildungsrat）的主要报告中得到了一致的体现，尤其是1973年的报告，其中建议了学校自主权的强度以及教师、家长和学生的参与。 3）作为德国教育改革以加强学校自主权为基调的直接理论背景，有两项教育学研究，学校对“好学校”的研究和学校发展理论，都从本质上再次肯定了1973年德国教育委员会报告的重要性。4）将不来梅州作为当前德国教育改革的典型案例，以加强学校自主权为基调。不莱梅州教育改革的最大特点是通过教师、家长和学生的参与和合作创建“自治学校”。