Non-Western Concepts on Cleanliness, Hygiene and Health in Transition

本研究旨在研究非西方社会中清洁、卫生、健康和身体概念的变化，特别是在国际公共卫生发展的背景下。这包括两个步骤：(1)检查西方和非西方社会公共卫生的社会和文化史；(2)构建非西方社会的历史和民族志描述，这些描述是我们的研究成员迄今为止所研究的。在1999-2000年，我们研究了几个主题，如欧洲自来水厂的社会文化影响、公共卫生的制度化和宗教信仰的世俗化、公共卫生和疾病话语的变化、基督教使命和清洁和卫生的概念等等。2000-2001年，我们试图描述斯里兰卡、南印度、印度尼西亚和太平洋岛屿的社会文化历史和民族志。此外，我们还讨论了一些理论和方法上的阐述，特别是在分析公共卫生发展和经济发展方面的行动者网络理论/方法。然后我们得出结论，虽然我们得到了一些有趣的发现，但由于缺乏数据和资源，我们的讨论似乎不够充分。这是因为本研究的目的不是为了实地研究以获得进一步的信息。因此，我们意识到有必要用将来的实地考察基金重新组织这项研究。

This research aimed to examine the changing concepts of cleanliness, hygiene, health and body in non-Western societies, especially in the context of international public health development. This consisted of two steps : (1)examining social and cultural history of public health in Western as well as non-Western societies ; and(2)constructing historical and ethnographic descriptions on the matter in non-Western societies that our members of the research have studied so far.In 1999-2000, we examined several topics such as socio-cultural effects of waterworks in Europe, the institutionalization of public health and secularization of religiosity, public health and changing discourses of illness, Christian missions and the concepts of cleanliness and hygiene and so on.In 2000-2001, we tried to describe socio-cultural histories and ethnographic accounts on Sri Lanka, South India, Indonesia and the Pacific Islands. In addition, we discussed on some theoretical and methodological elaborations, especially on actor-network theory/methodology in analyzing public health development as well as economic development.We then concluded that although we obtained some interesting findings, our discussion seemed rather insufficient due to the lack of data and resources. This is because that this research did not aimed for field research for further information. We hence realized the necessity to reorganize this research with the fund for fieldwork in future.