A STUDY ON THE DISCOURSE OF "CLASSIC" IN ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM THE STANDOINT OF CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS

今年，继“古今之争”的研究成果之后，重点关注了荷马学者罗伯特·伍德在古典研究中开创的实证主义考察，以期揭示18世纪英国古典话语的形成过程。在伍德之前盛行的经典话语是以亚历山大蒲柏为代表的，蒲柏的《荷马论》是以天才荷马的思想为基础的，而伍德则两次前往希腊，四处游历，实地考察。他的《论荷马的天才》是一部实证主义奋进将荷马作品中所描述的世界与他所观察到的现实世界相一致。在这种情况下，“荷马的天才”等同于模仿自然的能力。但是，这种模仿的原则将不可避免地把荷马学者的实践“口头传统”，这是仍然存在的那些日子在该地区。这种诗歌创作的集体实践，反过来又产生了一些创新的见解，这些见解一方面打破了浪漫主义关于荷马个人是天才的观念，另一方面也揭示了“文本”的真实性及其起源的问题。世纪的经典话语最终导致了原初意义的不可达性和文本中介性的必然性问题。

This year, following the research results from the study of "the controversy of ancients and moderns, the focus has been put on the Homeric scholar, Robert Wood, who initiated a positivist investigation in the classical studies, in the hope that we may reveal the way in which the discourse of classics in the eighteenth-century England was formed. The discourse of classics which was prevalent prior to Wood had been that represented by Alexander Pope, whose An Essay on Homer is based on the idea of Homer the genius, Wood, on the other hand, went to Greece twice, traveling around and made observations on location. His Essay on the Genius of Homer is a positivist endeavor to identify the world described in the works of Homer with that of the actuality he observed. In this instance, "the genius of Homer" was tantamount to the ability to imitate nature. But, this principle of imitation would inevitably bring the Homeric scholars to the practice of "oral tradition, " which was still extant in those days in the region. This collective practice of poetic creation, in turn, gave rise to the innovative insights, which would break down the Romantic notion of the individual Homer the genius, on the one hand, and hrghlight the problematics of the authenticity of the "text" and its origins. The discourse of classic in the eighteenth century was ultimately to give rise to the problems of unattainability of the original meaning and the inevitability of the textual mediacy.