A Study on "Others" constituting the Anglo-Saxon Culture from the viewpoint of Cultural Representations

继去年以中世纪为中心进行的研究之后，今年对现代时期进行了分析，特别是与20世纪的美国的关系。在文艺复兴时期，我们以莎士比亚的《特洛伊罗斯与克雷西达》为例加以考察，认为“他者”主要是由我们去年分析过的中世纪拉丁文化的元素构成的。会议提请注意这些要素在新时代的影响下如何发生变化和转变。通过分析可以发现，在中世纪，以宏观世界和微观世界的对应为基础的相对静态的世界图景，通过一个戏剧人物的行动，被降级为“另一个”的形式。总之，西方拉丁文化的核心传统之一不再作为基本的文化支柱发挥作用，而成为构成新的动态世界观的一个组成部分。在现代背景下，研究“现代性”的话语是如何在盎格鲁-撒克逊文化中被接受的，而“现代性”本质上是在欧洲大陆的知识传统中构建的。为了使考试具体化和易于管理，我们挑选了两位被迫搬到英国和美国居住的德国移民：利奥·施特劳斯和卡尔·洛伊思。通过对这些提出“现代性”对比理论的思想家的研究，我们明确了洛伊斯的“世俗化理论”与施特劳斯的“古典主义反相对主义”之间存在的差异，并以此为基础，初步观察了他们各自对英美文化话语的影响和接受。我们可以说，在这个关键时刻，前者为所谓的“话语主义”（在最广泛的意义上不承认任何外部话语）做了准备，而后者为“反相对主义”（对任何说服的相对主义提出了一种激进的批判态度）做了准备。总的来说，可以说，构成盎格鲁-撒克逊文化的话语元素比通常认为的那些大陆起源的话语元素更渗透。少

Following the last-year's research that was conducted centering around the Middle Ages, analysis has been made this year on the modern period, especially in relation to the United States in the 20^<th> century. In the Renaissance period examination is made in the instance of Shakespeare's Troilus and Cresida, where "the other" is seen to be constituted mainly by the elements of the Latin culture of the Middle Ages that came under our analysis last year. Attention was drawn to how these elements undergo changes and transformations under the impacts of the new age. It is observable though the analysis that the comparatively static world-picture based on the correspondence of macrocosm and microcosm that had been manitained during the Middle Ages was relegated through the action of one dramatic character to a form of "the other." In fine, one of the central traditions of the Western Latin Culture ceased to function as a fundamental cultural backbone and became just one component that came … More to comprise the new dynamic world view.In the context of the modern age, research is conducted on the way in which the discourse of "modernity", which is essentially constructed in the intellectual tradition of the European Continent, is received in the Anglo-Saxon culture. To make the examination concrete and manageable, we picked up two German emigres who were obliged to move their habitations to England and America : Leo Strauss and Karl Loewith. By focusing on these thinkers who presented contrastive theories of "modernity", we specified the differences that exist between Loewith's "Secularization Theory" and Strauss' "Classicist Anti-Relativism", and in so doing, made some foundational and preliminary observations on their respective influence on and reception in English and American cultural discourses. We can say at this juncture that the former prepared for what can be called "discoursivism" (that admits othing outside discourse in its broadest sense of the word) while the latter for "anti-relativism" (that poses a radically critical attitude toward relativism of any persuasion). On the whole, it can be said that discursive elements that go to constitute the Anglo-Saxon culture are found to be more permeated than is ordinarily assumed with those of the Continental origins. Less