A Study on "Others" constituting the Anglo-Saxon Culture from the viewpoint of Cultural Representations

继去年围绕中世纪进行的研究之后，今年对近代时期，特别是与20世纪美国有关的时期进行了分析。在文艺复兴时期，我们以莎士比亚的《特洛伊卢斯与克雷德拉》为例进行考察，在那里，我们去年分析的中世纪拉丁文化的元素被认为是主要构成的。提请注意这些要素在新时代的影响下如何发生变化和转变。通过分析可以看出，中世纪时期以宏观和微观相对应为基础的相对静态的世界图景，通过一个戏剧人物的行动被降级为另一种形式。总之，西方拉丁文化的核心传统之一不再作为基本的文化支柱发挥作用，而只成为…的一个组成部分在现代的背景下，研究“现代性”的话语是如何在盎格鲁-撒克逊文化中接受的，这种话语本质上是构建在欧洲大陆的知识传统中的。为了让调查变得具体和可控，我们挑选了两名被迫将住所搬到英国和美国的德国流亡者：利奥·施特劳斯和卡尔·洛维斯。通过对这些提出了“现代性”对比理论的思想家的分析，我们明确了勒维德的“世俗化理论”和施特劳斯的“古典主义反相对主义”之间存在的差异，并对它们在英美文化话语中的影响和接受作了一些基础性和初步的观察。在这个节骨眼上，我们可以说，前者准备好了所谓的“话语主义”(它接受了最广泛意义上的任何外部话语)，而后者则准备好了“反相对主义”(这对任何说服的相对主义提出了激进的批评态度)。总体而言，可以说，构成盎格鲁-撒克逊文化的话语元素比通常认为的大陆起源的元素更具渗透力。较少

Following the last-year's research that was conducted centering around the Middle Ages, analysis has been made this year on the modern period, especially in relation to the United States in the 20^<th> century. In the Renaissance period examination is made in the instance of Shakespeare's Troilus and Cresida, where "the other" is seen to be constituted mainly by the elements of the Latin culture of the Middle Ages that came under our analysis last year. Attention was drawn to how these elements undergo changes and transformations under the impacts of the new age. It is observable though the analysis that the comparatively static world-picture based on the correspondence of macrocosm and microcosm that had been manitained during the Middle Ages was relegated through the action of one dramatic character to a form of "the other." In fine, one of the central traditions of the Western Latin Culture ceased to function as a fundamental cultural backbone and became just one component that came … More to comprise the new dynamic world view.In the context of the modern age, research is conducted on the way in which the discourse of "modernity", which is essentially constructed in the intellectual tradition of the European Continent, is received in the Anglo-Saxon culture. To make the examination concrete and manageable, we picked up two German emigres who were obliged to move their habitations to England and America : Leo Strauss and Karl Loewith. By focusing on these thinkers who presented contrastive theories of "modernity", we specified the differences that exist between Loewith's "Secularization Theory" and Strauss' "Classicist Anti-Relativism", and in so doing, made some foundational and preliminary observations on their respective influence on and reception in English and American cultural discourses. We can say at this juncture that the former prepared for what can be called "discoursivism" (that admits othing outside discourse in its broadest sense of the word) while the latter for "anti-relativism" (that poses a radically critical attitude toward relativism of any persuasion). On the whole, it can be said that discursive elements that go to constitute the Anglo-Saxon culture are found to be more permeated than is ordinarily assumed with those of the Continental origins. Less