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THE ADVERSARIALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL RESIDENTS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE PROSPECT OF THE LEGALIZATION OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY

当地居民与地方政府关系的敌对化与日本社会的合法化前景

基本信息

批准号：
11620010
负责人：
ABE Masaki
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11620010/
关键词：
LEGALIZATION LOCAL AUTONOMY CITIZEN OMBUDSMEN FREEDOM OF INFORMATION TAXPAYERS' SUITS 市民運動地方自治体

项目摘要

Based on the assumption that the relationship between local residents and local governments has gradually become less cooperative and more contentious, I examined the activities of citizen ombudsmen, especially those related to courts and other adversarial legal institutions. As for the research methods, I used both in-depth intervie w with citizen ombudsmen and officials of local governments and statistical analyses of quantitative data. The findings of this research are as follows. (1) The nation wide vitalization of the activities of citizen ombudsmen occurred in the mid 1990s. Most groups of citizen ombudsmen were organized in this period. (2) This nationwide vitalization was mainly due to the efforts of those who had been engaged in the activities of citizen ombudsmen since the 1980s. In order to examine whether all local governments had complied with legal mandates and used their revenue appropriately, they wanted to establish groups of citizen ombudsmen all over the country and to network them. Their efforts were successful. (3) As a result of the nationwide vitalization of the activities of citizen ombudsmen, legal actions brought against local governments have dramatically increased since the mid 1990s. Those activities include lawsuits seeking the unveiling of governmental documents, claims for auditing the appropriateness of the expenditure of local governments, and taxpayers' suits. (4) The nationwide vitalization of the activities of citizen ombudsmen also resulted in the diffusion of legal knowledge and technique related to legal actions against local governments to many lay people throughout the country. (5) the nationwide vitalization of the activities of citizen ombudsmen and its results are recognized by officials of local governments to some degree. As a result, they now think that they are accountable to local residents and hence have to sincerely explain the legality and appropriateness of their activities to local residents.

基于当地居民和地方政府之间的关系逐渐变得不那么合作和更有争议的假设，我审查了公民监察员的活动，特别是那些与法院和其他对抗性法律的机构有关的活动。在研究方法上，笔者采用了对公民监察员和地方政府官员的深入访谈和定量数据的统计分析。研究结果如下。(1)1990年代中期，公民监察员的活动在全国范围内蓬勃发展。大多数公民监察员团体都是在这一时期组建的。(2)这种全国性的活力主要归功于自1980年代以来一直从事公民监察员活动的人的努力。为了审查所有地方政府是否遵守了法律的授权并适当使用了其收入，它们希望在全国各地建立公民监察员小组并将其联网。他们的努力是成功的。(3)由于公民监察员活动在全国范围内的活跃，自1990年代中期以来，对地方政府提起的法律的诉讼急剧增加。这些活动包括要求公布政府文件的诉讼、要求审计地方政府支出的适当性以及纳税人的诉讼。(4)公民监察员活动在全国范围内的活跃，也导致向全国各地的许多非专业人士传播了与对地方政府采取法律的行动有关的法律的知识和技术。(5)公民监察员活动在全国范围内的活跃及其成果在一定程度上得到了地方政府官员的认可。因此，他们现在认为他们要向当地居民负责，因此要真诚地向当地居民解释他们的活动的合法性和适当性。