Biomechanical Approach toward Rehabilitation

主要研究结果如下：(1)建立了一个模型，模拟了松弛性瘫痪患者的步态，这些患者通常需要walk - walkers和手杖等支架。(2)对比肌营养不良患者与盆腔截骨术后的病理步态，其盆腔在额平面的运动完全相反。这是由于髋关节外展肌功能不完全或完全丧失的不同。我们提出了一种运动时内力的估计方法。该方法基于运动模型和运动过程中肌电和外力的综合测量。尽管这种方法简单，但估计结果与国外在体内测量的结果非常相似。(4)在使用表面电极的电刺激方法中，研究电极如何对骨骼肌进行深度刺激是很重要的。我们通过使用反映肌肉活动的磁共振成像强度来确定如何。我们还开发了一种新的电刺激方法。(5)与其他训练方法相比，在长期的上肢和下肢实验中证实了新方法的优势。(6)可三维测量全韧带应变分布。(7)应用反向步态矫形器改善半瘫痪行走特征。旋转步态和上肢旋转运动得到改善。(8)采用三维模型的有限元方法检查髋关节表面置换术中股骨假体的生物力学特征。在非外伤性股骨颈骨折患者的颈部同一区域观察到最高的应力集中。

Main results are summarized as follows :(1) We developed a model that simulates gaits of patients with flaccid paralyzed legs, who usually require braces such as Walk-abouts and canes.(2) Comparing pathological gaits of patients with muscular dystrophy and after pelvic osteotomy, the pelvic motions of them in the frontal plane were just the opposite. It results from the difference of the incomplete or complete loss of function of the abductor muscle at their hip joints.(3) We developed an estimating method of inner forces during exercise. This method is based on exercise models and measurements of the integrated EMG and external forces during exercises. In spite of this simple method, the estimated results were very similar to the results by in vivo measurements abroad.(4) In the electrical stimulation method using surface electrodes, it is important to study how the electrode can stimulate skeletal muscles deeply. We ensured how by using the intensity of the MR imaging reflecting muscle activities. Also we tern developed a new electrical stimulation method.(5) Advantages of the new method were confirmed in a long-term experiment on upper and lower limbs in comparison with other training methods.(6) Strain distribution of entire ligament could be measured three-dimensionally.(7) Reciprocal gait orthosis was applied to improve characteristics of hemi-paralytic walking. The circumduction gait and the rotational movement of upper torso were improved.(8) The finite element method was performed using 3-dimensional models to examine the biomechanical characteristics of the femoral component in resurfacing hip arthroplasty. The highest stress concentration was observed in the same region of the neck of a patient with a nontraumatic femoral neck fracture.