Changes of jasmonates in climacteric and nonclimacteric fruit

以“津轻”苹果[Malus sylvestris（L.）Mill.变种Artistica（Borkh.）Mansf.]和'Satohnishiki'甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）。JA和MeJA浓度在苹果果肉发育的早期生长阶段较高，盛花后天数（DAFB）下降，然后在成熟过程中再次增加。甜樱桃果肉中茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯的含量在生长初期较高，到采收时逐渐下降。苹果种子中的JA浓度在生长初期也较高，然后下降，最后在收获时达到峰值。苹果种子中的MeJA浓度在收获时增加。在甜樱桃种子中，JA和MeJA浓度一般增加，直到收获。在两种类型的果实中，JA和MeJA在种子中的浓度高于果肉中的浓度。这些结果表明，相对高量的JA和MeJA与 ...更多信息 幼嫩的果实。这些物质可能在早期生长阶段对果实生长有调节作用，但尚未得到证实。以15、25和35 DAFB苹果果肉为外植体，在含有萘乙酸（NAA）、苄基腺嘌呤（BA）和茉莉酸（JA）的B5培养基上培养，研究了茉莉酸（JA）对愈伤组织形成的作用。4.5 μmol JA与10.7 μmol NAA联用时，诱导的愈伤组织比不加JA的样品有更大的诱导作用，但在15 DAFB时，除单独与NAA联用外，JA没有这种作用，4.5 μmol JA抑制愈伤组织的形成。JA的存在抑制了25和35 DAFB圆片上愈伤组织的形成，15 DAFB时苹果果肉中内源JA浓度低于25和35 DAFB。而JA浓度的增加则抑制了这一作用。从跃变前期、跃变期和跃变后期的苹果果肉样品中切下带皮圆盘，在含MeJA、MeJA和AVG的B5培养基上光照培养7 d，研究茉莉酸酯对花青苷积累的影响。在每个采样阶段，MeJA单独和MeJA与AVG相结合都刺激了更大的花青素积累相比，未经处理的对照，虽然MeJA和AVG的组合导致较低的花青素浓度比那些只有MeJA在preclimacteric和postclimacteric阶段。因此，在大多数情况下，茉莉酸酯可能与苹果中花青素的形成无关。少

Trans-jasmonic acid (JA), cis-JA, and trans-methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were quantified in pulp and seeds of 'Tsugaru' apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] and 'Satohnishiki' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). JA and MeJA concentrations were high in the early growth stages of apple pulp development, decreased with days after full bloom (DAFB), and then increased again during maturation. Concentrations of JA and MeJA in the pulp of sweet cherry were high during early growth stages, then decreased towards harvest. JA concentration in apple seeds was also high in the early growth stages, then decreased, and finally peaked at harvest. MeJA concentration in apple seeds increased towards harvest. In the seeds of sweet cherry, JA and MeJA concentrations generally increased until harvest. In both types of fruit, concentrations of JA and MeJA in the seeds were higher than those of pulp. These results demonstrate that relatively high amounts of JA and MeJA are associated w … More ith young developing fruit. These substances may have a role in regulation of fruit growth at early growth stages, though this has not been demonstrated. The role of JA in callus formation was investigated on discs taken from the pulp of apple, sampled on 15, 25, and 35 DAFB, and cultured on B5 medium, containing combinations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), benzyladenin (BA), and JA.On the 15 DAFB sample, 0.45 μmol, 1.0 μmol, and 4.5 μmol JA in the presence of 10.7 μmol NAA induced greater callus formation than did the sample without JA.However, this effect of JA at 15 DAFB was not observed except when it was combined with only NAA ; 4.5 μmol JA inhibited the callus formation. The presence of JA inhibited callus formation on discs taken 25 and 35 DAFB.Endogenous JA concentration of apple pulp at 15 DAFB was lower than that at 25 and 35 DAFB.These results indicate that the low endogenous JA concentration early in fruit development promotes callus formation ; whereas, increasing JA concentration inhibits it. The discs with skins from the apple pulp samples from preclimacteric, climacteric and postclimacteric stages were excised, cultured for 7 days under light on B5 media containing MeJA, and the combination of MeJA and AVG, and the effect of jasmonates on anthocyanin accumulation was investigated. In each sampling stage, MeJA alone and MeJA combined with AVG both stimulated greater anthocyanin accumulation compared to untreated control, though the combination of MeJA and AVG resulted in a lower concentration of anthocyanin than those of only MeJA at the preclimacteric and postclimacteric stages. Therefore, in most cases, jasmonates may be related to anthocyanin formation in apples independent of ethylene. Less