Development of Whole Cell-Immobilized Biosensors Using Electron Transfer Mediator for Detection of Pollutants in Environment

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Whole cell modified electrode using Baker's yeast cells produced an anodic current approaching a steady state with the addition of electron transfer mediator. When glucose was further added to the solution, the anodic current started to increase again. The current magnitude depends on the concentration of NADH in the cells. The anodic current with glucose increased when yeast cells at logarithmic growth phase were used. The current increased with the addition of KCN due to an increase in the concentration of intracellular NADH.Thus, the electrode employing whole-cells of baker's yeast may be used for the determination of number of cells and the detection of cytotoxic compoundsAn electrode with immobilized mycelium of Aspergillus niger also produced an anodic current with the addition of mediators. The scnsitivity of the current response with carbohydrates was influenced by the cultivation medium in which A.niger was cultured.An electrode with immobilized Chorella vulgaris Beijerinck cell also produced an anodic current with a white light illumination in the presence of p-benzoquinone in a solution. The anodic current is due to the photosynthesis of C.vulgaris. Since a herbicide such as Diuron inhibits the photosynthesis of C.vulgaris, it may be detected by the decrease in the currentGlycolytic oscillation of a metabolite has been successfully monitored with a bioelectrochemical sensor for pyruvate, and the significance of the NAD^+/NADH ratio in the glycolytic oscillation is proposed.