Physiological basis of the effect of warm-up exercise

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The warm-up exercise induces following effects on the main exercise ; Q10 effectdue to increased muscle temperature, facilitation of oxygen unloading in muscle due to the Bohr effect, facilitation of blood flow to the working muscle, and neural adaptation to performing the exercise. We investigated the effect of warm-up exercise on the main heavy exercise, using the estimation of oxygen uptake response.First, investigating the effect of acidosis on oxygen uptake response, we examined the effect of substituting arm cranking for leg cycling as the warm-up exercise. There was a significant warm-up effect on facilitation of oxygen uptake response during main heavy exercise when we used leg cycling as the warm-up, but no effect when using arm-cranking, suggesting that the facilitation of the oxygen uptake response to heavy exercise is not due to solely the lactic acidosis. Second, investigating the effect of blood flow on the response, we applied facial cold stimulation during main exercise to depress the blood flow to the working muscle, and diathermic warming before main exercise on working muscle as substituting the warm-up exercise to increase the blood flow. Neither the cold stimulation nor the diathermic warming changed the oxygen uptake response during main exercise after the warm-up exercise, suggesting that alternation of blood flow to working muscle can not induce a sufficient effect to facilitate the oxygen uptake response during heavy exercise.