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Universe Seen From Very High Energy Eyes

从极高能量的眼睛看到的宇宙

基本信息

批准号：
11CE2004
负责人：
MORI Masaki
金额：
$ 943.02万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for COE Research
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11CE2004/
关键词：
High energy universe Gamma-ray astronomy Origin of cosmic rays Supernovae Pulsars Active Galactic Nuclei Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Gamma-ray telescope 空気チェレンコフ望遠鏡宇宙の超高エネルギー現象高エネルギーガンマ線天文学

项目摘要

With an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope of 10m diameter in Woomera, Australia, which was expanded from a 7m telescope in 2000 and was jointly operated by a consortium of Japanese and Australian institutions, we observed very high-energy gamma-rays from active celestial objects such as supernovae, pulsars, active galactic nuclei in the southern hemisphere. The second, third and fourth telescopes were build in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively, and we started stereoscopic observation of Cherenkov light from gamma-ray showers. With the stereoscopic method, angular resolution and energy resolution of gamma-ray events are improved and discrimination of gamma-ray events from background cosmic-ray showers became better than single telescope observations.Although the array of four telescopes was completed in the last year of the term of the project, we have accumulated observational data including single and stereoscopic observations for five years. From the data 1)we have discovered high-energy gamma-ray signals from a supernova RX J0854.0-4622, a starburst galaxy NGC253 and the Galactic center, 2)we have confirmed our previous detection of supernovae RX J1713.7-3946 and SN1006 and a pulsar PSR 1704-44 and extended the observed spectrum, 3)we have detected the most energetic gamma-rays from an active galactic nucleus Mrk421, and 4)we have set upper limits on gamma-ray fluxes from a supernova SN1987A and a pulsar binary PSR 1259-64/SS2883. Our results are the key observations to reveal particle acceleration mechanism in the Universe, which is directly related to the long-standing problem of the origin of cosmic rays.

我们利用2000年由日本和澳大利亚机构联合运营的7米口径切伦科夫成像大气望远镜，在澳大利亚乌默拉观测到来自南半球活跃天体（如超新星、脉冲星、活动星系核）的高能伽玛射线。第二架、第三架和第四架望远镜分别于2002年、2003年和2004年建成，我们开始对来自伽马射线暴的切伦科夫光进行立体观测。采用立体观测方法，提高了伽玛射线事件的角分辨率和能量分辨率，对背景宇宙射线暴中的伽玛射线事件的识别优于单望远镜观测。虽然四架望远镜阵列是在项目期限的最后一年完成的，但我们已经积累了五年的观测数据，包括单次和立体观测。从这些数据中，我们发现了来自超新星RX J0854.0-4622、星暴星系NGC253和银河系中心的高能伽马射线信号；2)我们证实了我们之前探测到的超新星RX J1713.7-3946和SN1006以及脉冲星PSR 1704-44，并扩展了观测光谱；3)我们探测到来自活动星系核Mrk421的能量最高的伽马射线；4)我们设定了超新星SN1987A和脉冲星双星PSR 1259-64/SS2883的伽马射线通量上限。我们的结果是揭示宇宙中粒子加速机制的关键观测结果，这直接关系到长期存在的宇宙射线起源问题。