Environmental Noise Simulator and Design of Living Space by an "Urusasa ＆ Hues" Sound Level Meter

道路交通是所有国家最普遍的噪声源，也是造成烦恼和干扰人类活动的主要原因。旨在评估道路车辆噪声的心理影响（响度、感知噪声和烦恼）的实验基本上必须在消声室或隔音室中进行。但是，如果有基于虚拟现实系统的模拟器，能够对居住场所的各种噪声控制要素进行视听体验；可以选择最合适的噪声控制技术。这里描述的模拟器使用了(1)一个Glasstron个人显示器和一些耳塞式电声换能器。它们分别是：(2)外耳道内测量声压的传声器；(3)粘附在耳塞上的磁性耳机；(4)由耳塞和鼓膜封闭的小腔内测量声压的传声器。本文还通过实验探讨了该模拟器通过虚拟双耳录音和重放，能否获得道路上车辆较多的存在感。从结果中可以发现，本文提出的虚拟现实系统可以通过听觉和视觉的相互作用来获得人的方向、距离和运动的感觉。其次，采用对各种物理条件（车辆噪声源、交通条件、障碍物、建筑材料）影响的心理评价，分别为烦恼、对传输损失的主观影响和综合考虑所有因素的主观印象，每个尺度有7分制。从心理实验结果来看，对于平均隔声量为30dB及以上的路边房屋，被试的评价如下：L_<Aeq(5min)>约40dB对应“不烦”，传输损失为“有效”，综合考虑各因素的主观印象为“良好”。综上所述，该系统可以放心地应用于道路车辆噪声噪声控制要素的主观印象，对建筑材料的选择是有效的。提出了噪声体验模拟器，以评估噪声暴露政策和噪声控制技术的有效性。利用虚拟现实技术可以从心理上对建筑的隔声效果进行体验和评价。层次分析法（AHP）是一种基本的决策方法，可用于确定存在困难时的最佳噪声控制技术，为决策因素分配评价和权重。在这个过程中，决策者进行两两比较判断。运用层次分析法，将目标、成本、效率、心理效应、传输损失和备选方案按层次结构排列。本文通过实验讨论了它们对噪声控制技术的决策是否有用。结果表明：“Not too annoying”对应L_<Aeq>的41.8dB。“有效”对应约30dB的tl0，随着L_<Aeq>的音量增大，主要的权重从“成本”变为“效率”。在效率上，“烦恼”是最重要的。因此，使用该模拟器和AHP将大大提高我们理解噪声影响的能力，并确定最佳的噪声控制技术。少

Road traffic is the most widespread source of noise in all countries and the primary reason for annoyance and interference with human activities. Experiments designed to evaluate the psychological effects (loudness, perceived noisiness and annoyance) of road vehicle noise have basically to be carried out in an anechoic room or a soundproof room. If, however, a simulator based on a virtual reality system capable of audio-visual experiencing for various kinds of noise control elements at a residential site is available ; one can select the most suitable noise control technique. The simulator described here uses (1) a Glasstron personal display and some earplug type electroacoustic transducers proposed. They are as follows : (2) the microphones for sound pressure measuring in the external auditory canal, (3) the magnetic earphones adhered to earplugs and (4) the microphones for sound pressure measuring in the small cavity, which is enclosed by the earplug and the eardrum. In this paper, t … More he simulator was discussed experimentally whether it obtains the presence as if there are lots of cars on the road by the virtual binaural recording and reproducing. From the results, it can be found that the virtual reality system proposed here may be obtained one's feelings of direction, distance and movement with the interaction between audible and visible. Next, the psychological evaluation on the effects of various kinds physical conditions (vehicle noise sources, traffic conditions, barrier, building materials) was adopted with the following terms : annoyance, the subjective effect on transmission loss and the subjective impression of considering all the factors, which each scale has seven-point scales. From the results of the psychological experiment, if roadside houses have average sound insulation (30dB or above), the subjects evaluated as follows : about 40dB of L_<Aeq(5min)> corresponds to "kininaranai (not annoyed)", the transmission loss is "effective" and the subjective impression of considering all the factors is "good". As a conclusion, it can be said that this system can be applied with confidence to the subjective impression of noise control elements for road vehicle noise, and it is effective for the selection of building materials.The noise experience simulator was proposed to assess the effectiveness of noise exposure policies and noise control technologies. One can experience and evaluate psychologically on the sound insulation efficiency for building with its virtual reality technique. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a basic approach to decision making that can be used to determine the best noise control technology when a difficulty exists assigning evaluations and weights to decision factors. In this process, the decision maker carries out pairwise comparison judgments. With the AHP, goals, costs, efficiency, psychological effects, transmission loss (TL) and alternatives are arranged in a hierarchical structure. In this paper, it was experimentally discussed whether they are useful to decision making for noise control technologies. The results are as follows : "Not too annoying" corresponds to 41.8dB of L_<Aeq>. "Effective" corresponds to about 30dB of TL.As L_<Aeq> is louder, the main weight changes from "costs" to "efficiency". In the efficiency, "annoyance" is the most important. Therefore, the use of this simulator and the AHP will significantly improve our ability to understand the effects of noise and to determine the best noise control technology. Less