The Basic Study of Lipids Remained on Ancient Pottery

为了从古陶器上残留的脂类物质研究古人的生活方式和生活环境，分析结果的可靠性至关重要。据此，我们收集、分析和讨论了在不同环境下，吸附在陶器模型上的脂类随时间变化的基本数据。在1999年和2000年，研究的重点是脂肪酸（FA）和甘油脂，并在2001年，甾醇进行了研究。这些已知组成的脂质附着在陶器模型上，并在空气中、密封管中、土壤中和水中（2001年）埋藏最多1650天。以一定的时间间隔回收脂质，并监测脂质的变化。从这些结果中，我们发现脂质随着时间迁移到陶器的内部，并被困在陶器的基质中。因此，从2000年起，从陶器的表面以及内部回收了脂质。在最后一年（2002年），从绳纹中提取脂质 关于我们 结果：（1）甘油三酯（TG）随时间推移缓慢分解为脂肪酸（FA）。(2)FA组合物在所有条件下变化。(3)吸附在陶器内部深处的TG相对较好地保持了其组成，特别是如果保存在密封管或水中（155天）。(4)在所有条件下（45天），植物甾醇（菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇）和动物胆固醇的比例在可接受的误差内保持恒定。(5)从绳纹陶器提取物中检测到甾醇，但由于量很少，因此开发了水解甾醇酯的有效方法，并显着增加了可检测的甾醇。(6)从绳纹陶器中检出胆固醇、菜油固醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇。深盘内外陶的提取物中植物甾醇/胆固醇的比例不同，可能是由于烹饪过程造成的，但浅盘的比例相似。

In order to investigate the life style and environment of ancient people from lipids remained on ancient pottery, the reliability of analytical results is crucial. Accordingly, we have collected, analyzed and discussed the basic data on how lipids, adsorbed on pottery models, changed with time under various environments. In 1999 and 2000, the research was focused on fatty acids (FA) and glyerides, and in 2001, sterols were studied. These lipids of known composition were adhered to the pottery model and left in air, in sealed tube, buried in soil and in water (2001) for maximum of 1650 days. The lipids were recovered at certain time intervals and changes of lipids were monitored. From these results, we have found that lipids migrate to the inner part of the pottery with time and trapped within the matrix of the pottery. Therefore, from 2000 on, lipids were recovered from the surface as well as from inner portion of the pottery. In the final year (2002), lipids were extracted from Jomon … More pottery (Kastusaka type , and Kasori type E), and sterols were analysesResults: (1) Triglycerides (TG) were slowly decomposed to FA with time. (2) FA compositions changed under all conditions. (3) TG adsorbed deep inside the pottery maintained its composition relatively well especially if kept in the sealed tube or in water (155 days). (4) The ratio of pytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol) and animal cholesterol remained constant within acceptable error under all conditions (45days). (5) Sterols were detected from the extract of Jomon pottery, but since amount was very small, the efficient method to hydrolyze sterol esters was developed, and detectable sterols were increased significantly. (6) Cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol were detected from Jomon pottery. The ratio of pytosterol/cholesterol differed between extracts from inner and outer pottery of deep dish, probably caused by cooking process, but the ratio was similar for shallow dish used for serving Less