The Chemical Analysis of Organic Compounds Remained on Jomon Pottery

有机残留物是绳纹族饮食的重要指标之一。这项研究的重点是脂质。残留在陶器表面的油脂很容易分解，而吸附在陶器内部深处的油脂可能不受外界影响。利用陶器模型对陶器中脂类物质进行了基础研究。第一年，标准甘油三酯和脂肪酸被吸附到陶器模型上。回收率和分析技术进行了优化。发现碳链越短，回收率越高。含一个双键的不饱和脂肪酸比饱和脂肪酸恢复得好。第二年，从食用种子中提取油脂，吸附到陶瓷模型上，并研究了回收率和成分。使用不同浓度的脂质。以C18：2为主要成分的核桃油，当油/陶浓度高时几乎定量回收，而没有大的组分变化，但当油/陶浓度低时，回收率急剧下降，具有两个以上双键的组分大幅减少。而以C18：1为主要成分的山茶花提取物的回收率和成分基本保持不变。在最后一年，核桃油被吸附到陶器模型上，并埋在土壤中，以研究随着时间的推移土壤的影响。前2周的恢复率急剧下降，但6周后，恢复率几乎保持在10%。双键含量高的组分下降幅度大。类似的实验是在露天进行的。恢复率随时间下降，但非常缓慢。土壤明显影响脂质的恢复。结果表明，陶器内部吸附的油脂并非完全不受外界影响。从脂类分析特别是含双键的主要成分中推断古代饮食时应注意的事项。

The organic remains are one of the important indicators of the Jomon diet. This research focuses on lipids. The lipids left on the surface of the pottery will decompose easily, but the lipids adsorbed deep inside the pottery may be free from the out side influences. The basic studies of lipid in pottery were carried out using pottery models. The first year, standard triglycerides and fatty acids were adsorbed onto the pottery model. The recovery and the analytical techniques was optimized. It was found that shorter the carbon chain, higher the recovery rate. With one double bond, unsaturated fatty acid recovered better than saturated. The second year, the oil from the edible seeds were extracted, adsorbed onto the pottery mode, and the recovery rate and the components were studied. The lipids of different concentrations were used. The walnut oil with C18 : 2 as major component, is recovered almost quantitatively without large component changes when concentrations of the oil/pottery is high, but when concentrations of the oil/pottery is low, the recovery rate declined dramatically, with large decrease in components with more than two double bonds. On the other hand, the recovery and the component remained almost constant for camellia with C18 : 1 as major component. In the final year, walnut oil was adsorbed onto the pottery model and buried in the soil to study the effect of the soil over time. The recovery rate decreased dramatically in first 2 weeks but after 6 weeks, the rate remained almost constant at 10%. The components having more doule bond decreased more. The similar experiments were done in open air. The recovery rate decreased in time but very gradually. The soil clearly affects the recovery of the lipids. It was found that the lipids adsorbed deeply inside the pottery were not free from the out side influences. The precautions are necessary for the deductions of ancient diet from the lipid analysis especially the major components contained double bonds.