Comparative Agrarian Study on Agriculture, Environment and Sustainability of Community

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A central purpose of this study is to make a new framework for comparative studies of agricultures and agricultural sciences. We use two concepts such as "simultaneity" and "diversity" to study of comparison of agriculture. Simultaneity means each of agriculture in E.U., Africa and Japan is included in contemporaneous world wide economy and is related each other. On the other hand, the historical, ecological and social backgrounds make many of agricultures diversify. Diversity is the second dimension to compare agricultures and agrarian systems in the world.We pointed out three different types of the relationship of agriculture, environment and local community. The first one can be seen in European countries, such as France and Germany. In France, agricultural policies have transformed local social structures drastically. We confirm the new agricultural policies to lay more stress on environmental aspects and durability of local community. In Germany, the local policies have their long traditions. They make a new community plan which aims at sustainable urban development as well as sustainable rural development.The second one is seen in African countries, such as Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique. We found economic globalization make many small farmers in these countries to face the world market economy.We pointed out "land problems" has been now important and a new meaning in the post colonial era. The third one is possibility and expansion of organic agriculture that makes a new relationship between agriculture, environment and local community.