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Comparative Agrarian Study on Agriculture, Environment and Sustainability of Community

农业、环境和社区可持续发展的比较农业研究

基本信息

批准号：
11691076
负责人：
SODA Osamu
金额：
$ 12.31万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A central purpose of this study is to make a new framework for comparative studies of agricultures and agricultural sciences. We use two concepts such as "simultaneity" and "diversity" to study of comparison of agriculture. Simultaneity means each of agriculture in E.U., Africa and Japan is included in contemporaneous world wide economy and is related each other. On the other hand, the historical, ecological and social backgrounds make many of agricultures diversify. Diversity is the second dimension to compare agricultures and agrarian systems in the world.We pointed out three different types of the relationship of agriculture, environment and local community. The first one can be seen in European countries, such as France and Germany. In France, agricultural policies have transformed local social structures drastically. We confirm the new agricultural policies to lay more stress on environmental aspects and durability of local community. In Germany, the local policies have their long traditions. They make a new community plan which aims at sustainable urban development as well as sustainable rural development.The second one is seen in African countries, such as Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique. We found economic globalization make many small farmers in these countries to face the world market economy.We pointed out "land problems" has been now important and a new meaning in the post colonial era. The third one is possibility and expansion of organic agriculture that makes a new relationship between agriculture, environment and local community.

这项研究的一个中心目的是为农业和农业科学的比较研究建立一个新的框架。我们使用“同时性”和“多样性”两个概念来研究农业比较。同时是指欧盟、非洲和日本的农业都包括在同一时代的世界经济中，而且相互关联。另一方面，历史、生态和社会背景使许多农业品种多样化。多样性是比较世界农业和土地制度的第二个维度。我们指出了农业、环境和当地社区三种不同类型的关系。第一个可以在欧洲国家看到，比如法国和德国。在法国，农业政策极大地改变了当地的社会结构。我们确认新的农业政策将更加注重环境方面和当地社区的可持续性。在德国，地方政策有其悠久的传统。他们制定了一个新的社区计划，旨在可持续的城市发展和可持续的农村发展。第二个计划出现在非洲国家，如津巴布韦、南非和莫桑比克。我们发现，经济全球化使这些国家的许多小农户面对世界市场经济。我们指出，在后殖民时代，“土地问题”已经变得重要和新的含义。三是有机农业的可能性和扩张性，使农业、环境和当地社区之间形成一种新的关系。