Molecular approach to analyze strategies of pathogens in wildlife for acuierement of new host

有些病原体可在人类、家养动物和野生动物之间传染，并引起各种疾病。在这项研究中，我们调查了野生或家养动物及其环境中的原生动物、细菌和小瓶病原体，以确定它们是否可以通过跨越生物和环境障碍获得新的宿主范围。反刍动物中的蛲虫分为高致病性和致病性两种。野生动物携带这两类寄生虫，但根据核糖体RNA基因分析，它们与家畜的寄生虫关系并不密切。从马场土壤中分离出具有毒性质粒的马红球菌，但质粒类型与从欧洲马分离物中分离出的质粒类型相似。因此，马氏r.a equi的致病菌株可能是从欧洲带来并在非洲土壤中定居的。在5种羚羊和犀牛的血液样本中发现了疱疹病毒。黑斑羚的分离物不同于家养反刍动物的分离物。综上所述，本研究调查的病原体与其原始宿主存在关联和共同进化，即使在野生动物和家畜密切接触的环境下，它们也不容易获得新的宿主。

Some of pathogens are communicable among humans, domesticated and wild animals and cause various diseases. In this study, we investigated protozoan, bacterial and vial pathogens from wild or domestic animals and their environment in order to determine whether they can acquire new host range by crossing biological and environmental barriers.Theileria parasite in ruminants are devided into highly pathogenic and apathogenic species. Wildlife harbor parasites of both categories, but they are not closely related to those from domestic animals on the basis of ribosomal RNA gene analysis. Rhodococcus equi with virulent plasmid are isolated from soil in horse farms, but the plasmid types are similar to those isolated in isolate from European horses. Therefore, pathogenic strains of R. equi may have been brought from Europe and colonized in soil in Africa. Herpesviruses were demonstrated in blood samples on 5 species of antelopes and rhinocerous. The isolate from impala is different from those isolated from domestic ruminants.Taken together, it is concluded that pathogens investigated in this study have been associated and coevolved with their original hosts, and that they are not easily able to acquire new host even under environments where wildlife and domestic animals are in close contact with each other.