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Assessing Methods for Effects of Small Amounts of Chemicals such as Pesticides on Soil Ecosystem

农药等少量化学品对土壤生态系统影响的评估方法

基本信息

批准号：
12306004
负责人：
YAMAMOTO Hiroki
金额：
$ 19.94万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12306004/
关键词：
Paddy Soil microflora Risk assessment of pesticides Quinone Profile PCR-DGGE Micro-thermo Analysis Biolog Plate Analysis Nitrification activity Ring Test 土壌生態系微生物バイオマス微少熱量計土壤生態系農薬農薬分解菌影響評価

项目摘要

Previously we proposed recommended laboratory tests for assessing the side effects of pesticides on soil ecosystem. The method for 'nitrification activity' among the tests was evaluated by a 'ring test' between five laboratories. The protocol worked just about right but it was recognized that a few points such as pH arrangement of soil and incubation temperature should be considered.Quinone analysis was successfully used to assess the effect of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Bensulfronmethyl (BSM) on soil microbial community. The content of isoprenoid quinones is correlated with the microbial biomass, and most of microorganisms contain one major quinone does not change by the physiological conditions. Those results indicate that the difference in quinone composition directly reflects the difference in structure of microbial community in soil, and the analysis is a valuable method for the assessing pesticide effects on soil ecosystem.The Biolog method was examined as an isolation-independent method to characterize microbial flora in paddy soil treated with pesticides. Comparing the colored response pattern could assess the effect of pesticides on soil microbial flora.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA amplified by PCR from soil DNA was evaluated for the assessing pesticide effects on soil microbes, especially on ammonium oxidizing bacteria. The amplification was confirmed but DGGE analysis was not completed. PCR-DGGE analysis for paddy soil microbial community elucidated a change in the community structure.Micro-thermo analysis was applied to the assessing pesticide effects on soil microbial activity but the sensitivity against chemical stress was not enough to detect it. Especially in paddy condition, thermo evolution was too small to measure with practical precision ; further examination for testing conditions such as substrate concentration should be needed.

在此之前，我们提出了建议的实验室测试，用于评估农药对土壤生态系统的副作用。通过五个实验室之间的“环形试验”对测试中的“硝化活性”方法进行了评估。采用醌法研究了五氯酚（PCP）和苯磺隆（BSM）对土壤微生物群落的影响。类异戊二烯醌类化合物的含量与微生物的生物量有关，大多数微生物所含的醌类化合物主要不受生理条件的影响。结果表明，土壤中醌类化合物组成的差异直接反映了土壤微生物群落结构的差异，是评价农药对土壤生态系统影响的有效方法。采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术对土壤微生植物群进行分析，研究农药对土壤微生物尤其是铵氧化细菌的影响。扩增得到证实，但DGGE分析未完成。PCR-DGGE分析结果表明，农药对土壤微生物群落结构的影响是显著的;微热分析方法用于评价农药对土壤微生物活性的影响，但其对化学胁迫的敏感性不足以检测农药对土壤微生物活性的影响，特别是在水稻土中，土壤微生物活性的变化幅度太小，难以精确测量，需要进一步研究农药对土壤微生物活性的影响。