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Experimental Research on Human Visual Information Processing

人类视觉信息处理实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610072
负责人：
MORIKAWA Kazunori
金额：
$ 2.62万
依托单位：
Otaru University of Commerce
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610072/
关键词：
Vision Perception Brightness Contrast Binocular Disparity Motion Perception Memory Color Sex Difference 心理学

项目摘要

(Research 1) Two experiments investigated whether motion and binocular disparity influence brightness induction, and whether the effects of motion and binocular disparity, if any, interact with each other. In order to introduce motion, textured backgrounds were used as the inducing field. The results showed that motion and/or crossed disparity reduces brightness induction, whereas uncrossed disparity increases it. The effect of motion and the effect of disparity are independent of each other and additive, which suggests that, to the extent that brightness induction reflects segmentation of objects, motion and binocular disparity serve independently to segment objects from their background. The difference between the effects of crossed and uncrossed disparity can be explained by what we call "illusory transparency".(Research 2) Three experiments investigated the role of color in visual long-term memory. Experiment 1 showed that visual recognition memory for color images was somewhat better than that for black-and-white images. However, subjects' memory for whether each image was color or black-and-white at the time of learning was not much above chance. Experiment 2 investigated whether color is tied to specific spatial locations in images stored in memory. In order to change spatial locations of color without altering images per se, half the stimuli were left-right reversed at the time of testing. The results showed that left-right reversal reduced recognition memory for color images, but not for black-and-white images. However, only the male subjects showed this effect. Left-right reversal for color images caused very little reduction of memory in the female subjects. Tb determine whether this sex difference arose from differences in memory strategy, Experiment 3 used an incidental learning procedure. The results replicated those of Experiment 2, suggesting that the sex difference was caused by inherent differences in the visual memory system of males and females.

（研究1）两个实验考察了运动和双眼视差是否影响亮度感应，以及运动和双眼视差之间是否存在相互作用。为了引入运动，采用纹理背景作为诱导场。结果表明，运动和/或交叉视差降低了亮度感应，而未交叉视差则增加了亮度感应。运动和视差的作用是相互独立和叠加的，这表明，亮度感应在一定程度上反映了物体的分割，运动和双眼视差是独立的，可以将物体从背景中分割出来。交叉和未交叉的视差效果之间的差异可以用我们所说的“虚幻透明度”来解释。（研究2）三个实验探讨了颜色在视觉长期记忆中的作用。实验1表明，彩色图像的视觉识别记忆优于黑白图像。然而，受试者在学习时对每张图像是彩色还是黑白的记忆并不高于偶然。实验2研究了颜色是否与存储在记忆中的图像的特定空间位置有关。为了在不改变图像本身的情况下改变颜色的空间位置，一半的刺激在测试时被左右颠倒。结果表明，左右颠倒降低了对彩色图像的识别记忆，但对黑白图像没有影响。然而，只有男性受试者表现出这种效果。彩色图像的左右颠倒对女性受试者的记忆影响很小。为了确定这种性别差异是否源于记忆策略的差异，实验3采用了附带学习过程。实验结果与实验2一致，表明性别差异是由男女视觉记忆系统的内在差异引起的。