The Effects of Children's "Emotional Expression" and "Body Contact" on the Formation and the Maintenance of Friendship Relation

本研究旨在阐明幼儿的“情绪表达”和“身体接触”在幼儿友谊关系的形成和维持中的作用。本研究共进行了五项研究。研究一考察了幼儿园困难儿童的行为特征。研究二以一名5岁男孩为研究对象，观察了儿童与儿童之间的互动关系。结果，“身体接触”随着同伴关系变得顺畅而减少。在研究3中，五个孩子在托儿所纵向观察。在研究4和研究5中，采用动画刺激的方法考察了儿童对他人“意图”和“表情”的理解。研究结果表明，5岁儿童能够从“表情”中猜出他人的正确“意图”。

This study was to clarify the role of children's "Emotional Expression" and "Body Contact" on the formation and the maintenance of friendship relation in nursery school. Five researches were conducted.In research 1, I examined the behavioral characteristics of difficult children in nursery schools. As a result, it was shown that there were three kind of background in children's behavior.In research 2, I focused on a 5-year-old boy and observed the interactions among children. As a result, "Body contact" was decreasing as the companion relation became smooth.In research 3, five children were observed longitudinally in nursery schools. As a result, it was suggested that there were a lot of neutral emotional expressions, and the role of "body contact"" in the formation of friendship relation was different among age groups.In research 4 and 5, the understanding of others' "Intention" and "Expression" was examined by using the animation stimulation. As a result, it was suggested that five-year-old children come to be able to guess others' correct "Intention" from "Expression"