Research on the Approach to Citizenship in French Rural Society of the Nineteenth Century

作为本项目的重要成果，我们出版了《近代呋喃水Nouson no Henbou-Association no Syakai-shi》（《19世纪世纪法国农村社会的社团社会史》）。本书旨在从社会史的角度来理解和描绘19^世纪法国乡村所经历的各种社会变迁和文化适应<th>。本书以当时民间社团的产生和发展为线索，探讨农村社会的现代化问题，特别是民主政治的建立。我们还留下了以下问题。首先，我们无法充分解释农村人是如何决定参加这样或那样的协会的。它涉及到母题的问题，或者更深刻地说，涉及到集体心理的问题。第二，要准确理解乡村公民身份的特征，就必须明确社团的功能，为了探讨第二个问题，我们分析了20世纪初作为社团主要论点的尤热·富尼埃和勒内·德·拉·图尔·杜·平的著作<th>。关于第一个问题，我们试图从波旁地区自学成才的农民作家埃米尔·吉约曼的生活中得到启示。这两个问题都需要长期的研究，即使在这个项目之后。

We have published Kindai Furansu Nouson no Henbou-Association no Syakai-shi- (A Social History of Associations in French Rural Society of the Nineteenth Century) as the most important work of this project. The purpose of this book is to comprehend and depict the various social changes and acculturation that were experienced in French rural villages in the 19^<th> century from the perspective of social history. We discuss, in this book, the issue of the modernization of rural society, especially the establishment of democracy, by following the process of the emergence and development of voluntary associations at the time. And we have still left following questions. First, we couldn't explicate enough how rural people had decided to participate to some association or other. It concerns the problem of motif, or more profoundly the problem of collective mentality. Secondly, we must make clear the functions of corporative association (corporation) in order to understand more precisely characters of rural citizenship.To approach to the second question, we have analyzed works of Euge^^'ne Fournie^^'re (socialist) and Rene^^' de la Tour du Pin (conservative), as principal arguments of association at the beginning of 20^<th> Century. As for the first question, we have tried to get suggestions from the life of Emile Guillaumin, autodidact and peasant-writer in the Bourbonnais region. Both questions need long term research even after this project.