The study of poleis in Arkadia from the diachronic point of view

人们普遍认为城邦是古希腊世界的基本单位。他们说城邦是他们社会进化的最终形式。因此，一旦城邦建立，它的一体化似乎是不可改变的。因此，一个城邦内部的状况很少受到关注，一体化的程度也从未受到怀疑。显然，这种关于城邦一体化的概念是以雅典为基础的。近年来，许多学者提出，如果从雅典的情况出发来看待古希腊的一般状况，可能会对古希腊的现实产生误解。为此，我选择阿卡迪亚作为我的研究领域，因为那里有比其他领域更多的信息（文学，考古）和一些合适的案例来分析城邦的整合。这是一个关于 关于我们 公元前360年大都市的共融这种通过合会主义人为创造的城邦，似乎是根据他们自己的概念，在其起源的时代如何建立一个城邦。但大量的资料告诉我们，大都市的整体实力是薄弱的，这场共融以失败告终。其他来源也告诉我们，一些城邦在阿尔卡迪亚的整合是可变的，不那么完整。因此，我们不能仅仅从考察阿卡得城邦的情况就从雅典的例子中认识城邦的一体化，为什么我们对城邦的一体化有一个笼统的概念呢？在研究阿卡狄亚的案例的过程中，我确信这个概念受到罗马时期所写资料的影响很大。因此，我也研究了罗马帝国统治下的希腊人的身份，因为如果我们不从关于他们社区的历时视角来处理这个问题，我们可能无法理解希腊人的真实的状况。少

There are general perceptions that a polis is a basic unit of the world of ancient Greeks. They say that a polis is a final form in the evolution of their community. So, once a polis was established, it seems that its integration was immutable. As a result, the condition of inner part of a polis has seldom been interested and the degree of the integration has never been doubted. It is clear that such a conception about the integration of a polis is based on the case of Athens. In recent years, many scholars give a caution that we may misunderstand the realities of ancient Greeks if we image the general conditions of them from the case of Athens.This study is an attempt to investigate the realities of ancient Greeks not from the Athenocentric view. For that end, I chose Arkadia for my research area because there are relatively many kinds of informations (literary, archaeological) than other areas and some proper cases for analyzing the integration of a polis. It was the case concerning … More a synoecism of Megalopolis taken effect in the 360's B.C.E. This artificial invention of a polis through a synoecism was seemed to perform according to their own conception of how to make a polis in the age of its origin. But many informations teach us that the integral power of Megalopolis was weak and this synoecism ended in a failure. Other sources also inform us that the integration of some poleis in Arkadia was mutable and not so complete. Therefore, we can not recognize the integration of a polis from the case of Athens as a result of the investigation of the conditions of Arkadian poleis.Why have we had a general conception about the integration of a polis? In the course of studying the case of Arkadia, I have become sure that this conception was much influenced by the sources written in the Roman Period. So, I also investigated the identity of Greeks under the Roman Empire because we may not understand the real conditions of Greeks if we do not approach this problem from the diachronic perspectives concerning their communities. Less