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Representation of Space and Time and its Relation to Jenre and Visual Culture in Hardy's Novels

哈代小说中时空的表征及其与詹雷和视觉文化的关系

基本信息

批准号：
12610503
负责人：
KANEKO Yukio
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Seinan Gakuin Unviersity (2001-2002)Osaka Women's University (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research paper is to trace Hardy's novels from earlier period to later one, and to find how they have shifted from pastoral to tragedy, how this generic shift has caused the changing representations of space and time, and specifically to analyze how contemporary visual culture affects his representation of space. In terms of space the earlier novels are written in pastoral mode and represent harmonious relationship between nature and humanity and have as an indication of communal stability a symbolic centre such as an ancient oak tree and a sheep shearing stable, where village people are celebrating a wedding and doing a traditional job. They are firmly rooted in the Wessex soil. The time they are experiencing is a circular time of nature with four seasons and this is, as it were, a human time. But due to the modern advance of science and technology, such as geological and evolutionary idea and railway, and the advent of modern capitalism even in agriculture rural people are obliged to lead a life of movement trying to establish their identity somewhere outside their native land. But the failure of this attempt comprises tragic fate of Hardy's main characters. In terms of time modern linear time is starting to take the place of human time, and as this covers the long time span humans cannot imaginatively comprehend it starts to disregard humanly felt pastoral time and paves the way to tragic grasp of vast time scale. In chapter one and two Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure are discussed in detail with due regard for the points mentioned above.

本研究的目的是追溯哈代小说从早期到后期的轨迹，找出它们是如何从田园诗转变为悲剧的，这种普遍的转变是如何导致空间和时间表征的变化的，特别是分析当代视觉文化如何影响他的空间表征。在空间方面，早期的小说以田园风格写成，代表了自然与人类之间的和谐关系，并有一个象征性的中心，如一棵古老的橡树和一个剪羊毛的马厩，村民们在那里举行婚礼，做传统的工作，这是社区稳定的标志。他们牢牢扎根于威塞克斯的土地上。他们正在经历的时间是一个具有四季的自然循环时间，而这可以说是一个人类时间。但由于现代科学技术的进步，如地质学和进化论思想和铁路，以及现代资本主义的到来，即使是在农业上，农村人也被迫过着流动的生活，试图在他们的祖国之外的某个地方建立他们的身份。但这一尝试的失败构成了哈代主人公的悲惨命运。就时间而言，现代线性时间开始取代人类时间，由于这涵盖了人类无法想象地理解的长时间跨度，它开始忽视人类感受到的田园时间，并为悲剧性地把握巨大的时间尺度铺平了道路。第一章和第二章详细讨论了《德伯家的苔丝》和《默默无闻的裘德》，并充分考虑了上述几点。