Production and identification of favorable characteristics of Brassica napus-Raphanus sativus moosomic adittion lines

本研究以合成的双二倍体油菜（RA89和Rb63）为媒介，选育了异质性和自质性油菜-油菜单体附加系（MALs），并探讨了利用它们选育甘蓝型油菜的有利性状。2007年，利用175个r基因组特异性RAPD标记，制备了除h型外8型（a~i）的同种异体MAL和完整9型的自浆MAL。结果表明，具有萝卜细胞质的异质MAL多数表现为雄性不育，只有a型能正常开花，花粉育性高（88%），表明异质系中存在雄性不育的育性恢复基因。2008年，我们研究了(1)萝卜染色体抗根茎性（CR）的鉴定与评价，(2)萝卜d染色体MAL诱导低种子育性的胚胎发生。(1) 9种MALs中，只有c型表现出较强的抗性（IC=73%， ID=0.7），其余类型均表现为完全敏感性（IC=100%， ID=3.0）。结果表明，主要CR基因可能位于萝卜基因组的c染色体上。(2) MALs × B.napus回交3周后，除d型胚外，其余各型胚均由鱼雷(T)期发育为成熟(M)期，d型胚则由球形(G)期发育为心形(H)期。推测d型种子育性低是由于胚发育不全所致。2009年，为了开发二体附加系（DALs），我们研究了；(1)限制授粉提高了MALs中萝卜染色体的雄性传输率；(2)正常授粉和限制授粉同时使用相同的附加系进行杂交。(1)除b型和c型外，其余7种异源染色体有限传粉雄性传粉率为7.0~70.3%，高于正常传粉雄性传粉率（2.9~54.3%）。(2)成功获得大量种子，i型为每荚13.2粒（共787粒），g型为每荚1.7粒（132粒）。从(1)和(2)的结果来看，在不久的将来可能会开发出DALs。少

In this study, we tried to breed alloplasmic and autoplasmic Brassica napus-Raphanus sativus monosomic addition lines (MALs) mediated by the synthetic amphidiploid Raphanobrassica (RA89 and Rb63 lines), and also to survey favorable characteristics for B.napus breeding using them.In 2007, alloplasmic MAL with 8 types (a～i) except for the h-type and autoplasmic MAL with complete 9 types were produced using 175 RAPD markers specific to R-genome. In characteristics of the MALs, most of alloplasmic MAL having the radish cytoplasm showed male sterility and only the a-type produced normal flower and had a high pollen fertility (88%), suggesting to have fertility restoring gene(s) for male sterility in alloplasmic line.In 2008, we studied (1) identification and evaluation of clubroot resistance (CR) of radish chromosome, and (2) embryogenesis of MAL with d-chromosome of radish inducing low seed fertility. (1) Among the 9 types of MALs, only the c-type showed strong resistance (IC=73%, ID=0.7), … More on the other hand, other types showed complete susceptibility (IC=100%, ID=3.0). The result suggested that the major CR gene(s) may be located on the c-chromosome of the radish genome. (2) In 3 weeks after backcrossing of MALs × B.napus, embryos in all types except for the d-type were grown from torpedo (T) to mature (M) stage, on the other hand, one in d-type were globular (G) to heart (H) stage following to chlorosis. It was assumed that the low seed fertility in the d-type was induced by embryo underdevelopment.In 2009, for development of disomic addition lines (DALs), we studied ; (1) improvement of male transmission rate of radish chromosome in MALs by limited pollination, and (2) crossing with the same addition lines by both normal and limited pollination methods. (1) the 7 types except for the b- and c-types were advanced male transmission rate of alien chromosome by limited pollination (7.0～70.3%) in comparison with normal one (2.9～54.3%). (2) a large number of seed were successfully obtained with a range of 13.2 seeds per pod for the i-type (totally 787 seeds) to 1.7 for the g-type (132 seeds). From results of (1) and (2), it may be developed DALs in the near future. Less