RESEARCH ON THE PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE DENOTATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE

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Every natural language has a morphological and/or syntactic means to denote grammatical functions of the entities and predicates constituting the events expressed by sentences. To develop formal and universal methods of expressions of grammatical functions in any event is thus indispensable for the foundations of linguistic research, the primary aim of which is to clarify the plausible mechanism of the procedures in language expression and understanding. The selected corpus of our research is Caucasian languages, Tungus languages, Uralic languages, Germanic languages and Japanese. As a result of our linguistics analysis of these sufficiently various languages, we have successfully made detailed investigations into how grammatical functions are denoted in natural languages.The analysis of Caucasian languages provides us with the way incorporating languages denote grammatical functions by way of adding a variety of functional morphemes to predicate stems. A universal method of describing semantic roles of entities in events has been obtained through the analysis of Uralic languages. The results of the studies of the articles in Germanic languages has been precious in that the definiteness expressed by these forms helps us to understand the semantic properties of nouns in sentences. The analysis of Tungus languages and Japanese has given a fundamental information about how each functional morpheme behaves in expressing grammatical functions.