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RESEARCH ON THE PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE DENOTATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE

自然语言语法功能指称原则研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610554
负责人：
MACHIDA Ken
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610554/
关键词：
grammatical functions noun verb semantic role case tense language types word order

项目摘要

Every natural language has a morphological and/or syntactic means to denote grammatical functions of the entities and predicates constituting the events expressed by sentences. To develop formal and universal methods of expressions of grammatical functions in any event is thus indispensable for the foundations of linguistic research, the primary aim of which is to clarify the plausible mechanism of the procedures in language expression and understanding. The selected corpus of our research is Caucasian languages, Tungus languages, Uralic languages, Germanic languages and Japanese. As a result of our linguistics analysis of these sufficiently various languages, we have successfully made detailed investigations into how grammatical functions are denoted in natural languages.The analysis of Caucasian languages provides us with the way incorporating languages denote grammatical functions by way of adding a variety of functional morphemes to predicate stems. A universal method of describing semantic roles of entities in events has been obtained through the analysis of Uralic languages. The results of the studies of the articles in Germanic languages has been precious in that the definiteness expressed by these forms helps us to understand the semantic properties of nouns in sentences. The analysis of Tungus languages and Japanese has given a fundamental information about how each functional morpheme behaves in expressing grammatical functions.

每一种自然语言都有一种形态和/或句法手段来表示构成句子所表达的事件的实体和谓词的语法功能。因此，无论如何，发展语法功能表达的形式化的和普遍的方法，对于语言学研究的基础是必不可少的，而语言学研究的主要目的是阐明语言表达和理解过程的合理机制。我们研究的语料是高加索语言、通古斯语言、乌拉尔语言、日尔曼语言和日语。通过对这些不同语言的语言学分析，我们成功地对自然语言中语法功能的表示进行了详细的研究。对高加索语言的分析为我们提供了通过在谓语词干上添加各种功能语素来表示语法功能的方法。通过对乌拉尔语言的分析，得到了描述事件中实体语义角色的通用方法。对日耳曼语中冠词的研究成果是宝贵的，因为这些形式所表达的确定性有助于我们理解句子中名词的语义性质。通过对通古斯语和日语的分析，我们对各功能语素在表达语法功能方面的表现有了一个基本的了解。