Introduction of the Advanced Civil Engineering technologies of the Western Countries in the Modernized Japan

在2003年至2006年的三年时间里，我们研究了(1)国外土木工程遗产的现场检查，(2)国内外数据的收集和分析，包括日本土木工程遗产的新选择。关于(1)，我们参观了美国的20座重要桥梁、水坝和运河，库页岛的一座重要水坝，以及10座重要的石头防波堤、悬索桥和混凝土桥。通过这些考察，我们得到了许多重要的信息，这些信息对构建日本土木工程史的新方案是有效的。关于(2)，我们继续收集水坝、港口、悬索桥和混凝土桥梁的各种数据。以水坝为例，我们可以将“技术的必然性和接受/拒绝”分为四类，例如重力型（直线和弯曲），拱形和扶壁型水坝。在港口方面，我们重点研究了沉箱式防波堤和码头，可以肯定的是，20世纪30-40年代的沉箱结构水平达到了世界顶级水平。在桥梁方面，我们也确认了悬索桥和混凝土桥技术在日本引进后的发展是不同的。最后，我们可以在“日本土木工程遗产：作为现代日本1865-1945年纪念碑的2000个重要建筑”的列表中添加一些有益的数据。

Over a period of three years between 2003 and 2006, we have studied about (1)on-site inspection of foreign civil engineering heritage, (2)collection of internal and foreign data, and their analysis, including the newly selection of Japanese civil engineering heritage.Concerning (1), we have visited twenty of important bridges, dams and canals in USA, one important dam in Sakhalin, and ten of important stone breakwater, suspension bridges and concrete bridges. Through these inspections, we have gotten various important information which were valid to construct a new scheme of civil engineering history in Japan.Concerning (2), we have continued to collect various kinds of data on dams, harbors, suspension bridges and concrete bridges. In case of dams, we could get an outline on "the inevitability and acceptance / rejection of technology" by classifying into four categories, such as, gravity-type (straight and curved), arch-type and buttress-type dams. In case of harbors, we have focused on the caisson-type breakwaters and pier, and could confirm that the level of caisson structures in the 1930-40s was reached at the top-level in the world. In case of bridges, we have also confirmed that the technologies of suspension and concrete bridges showed different development in Japan after they were introduced. And finally, we could add some profitable data on the list of "Civil Engineering Heritage in Japan : Important 2000 Structures as Monument of the Modernized Japan 1865-1945".