Neural learning process of voluntary movements depending on the degree of skilled moments.

本研究的目的是探讨神经肌肉功能的学习过程依赖于熟练的动作的程度。对特殊人群（残疾人和熟练运动员）自愿运动的研究，大大有助于我们理解神经运动系统的局限性。运动分为功能障碍组、日常生活活动组和运动活动组，功能障碍组：完全性脊髓损伤（SCI）患者使用往复式步态矫形器进行1h训练12周。在训练早期，足底肌的肌电活动与运动节律同步，但很少有肌电活动伴随着矫形步态。肌电波形的诱导调制可能归因于矫形步态运动模式的改变和/或矫形步态训练引起的脊髓运动神经网络神经元间活动的改变。 关于我们 本文观察了运动训练对四肢瘫（C6-7）患者自主神经功能的影响。未训练的四肢瘫痪者在轻微立位挑战时表现出自主神经反射亢进，而训练后的四肢瘫痪者在自主神经系统功能调节方面表现出可能的改善。本研究采用电刺激记录H反射和经颅磁刺激记录运动诱发电位的方法，探讨了运动学习对脊髓水平和皮层水平的影响。运动组：记录羽毛球比赛中扣球过程中上肢肌肉的肌电活动。近端肌肉有助于发挥速度和力量，而远端肌肉有助于扣球的时机和控制。扣球运动的训练效应首先表现在近端肌肉，然后才表现在远端肌肉。少

The purpose of the present study was designed to investigate the learning process of neuro-muscular function depending on the degree of skilled movements. Research examining voluntary movements in exceptional populations - the disabled and skilled athletes - contributes significantly to our understanding of the limits of neural motor systems. The movements were classified into 3 groups (dysfunction, activities of daily living, and sporting activity).In group of dysfunction : Persons with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) performed 1-hour training with reciprocating gait orthosis for 12 weeks. EMG activities synchronized with locomotor rhythm appeared in the soles muscle, although very little EMG activity accompanied the orthotic gait at early training stage. The induced modulation in the EMG waveforms might attribute to changes in the orthotic gait movement pattern and/or changes in the interneuronal activities of the spinal locomotor neural networks as a result of orthotic gait traini … More ng.The effects of physical training on autonomic functions in persons with tetraplegia (C6-7) were observed. The untrained tetraplegics showed autonomic hyperreflexia during slight orthostatic challenges, while the trained tetraplegics showed a possible improvement in regulating their functions of autonomic nervous system.In group of ADL : The study examined the effects of motor learning on the spinal level and the cortical level by means of electrical stimuli for recording H-reflex and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for recording motor evoked potential (MEPs). Modulation of common drive from motor area and the synchronization of motor units after the training were observed resulting in efficient motor performance.In group of sporting activity : EMG activities were recorded from the muscles of upper limb during smash stroke in badminton games. Proximal muscles contributed to exerting speed and power, while distal muscles contributed to timing and control of smash stroke. Training effects of smash stroke were observed in proximal muscles at first, and afterward it occurred in distal muscles. Less