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Establishment of high-precision chronology for Jomon and Yayoi periods

绳文和弥生时期高精度年代学的建立

基本信息

批准号：
13308009
负责人：
IMAMURA Mineo
金额：
$ 31.45万
依托单位：
National Museum of Japanese History
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The neolithic stage of the Japanese archipelago is called the Jomon period which is characterized by the use of pottery and a hunting and gathering style of life in large, and subdivided into 6 periods. The Yayoi period, which follows the Jomon period, is featured by paddy rice farming, and use of bronze and iron, and subdivided into 4 periods. The absolute chronology of these periods has not been established in spite that "C dating has been applied to archaeology in Japan since 1960, partly because traditional chronologies based on the pottery type and the decoration patterns have far more extensively studied and used in Japan by archaeologists.In this program, we attempted to construct absolute chronologies of the Jomon and Yayoi periods, by making best use of the detailed archaeological chronology, and combining them with precise AMS ^<14>C measurements.More than 600 ^<14>C measurements were made, mainly on charred food remains or soots on the pottery and charcoals in the kiln from the pit house remains, as well as the, materials such as wood, lacquer and seeds The samples were processed by ourselves for decontamination and purification, and commissioned for AMS ^<14>C measurements to a commercial radiocarbon laboratory in forms of cleaned charcoal/wood/CO_2 or to AMS facilities in a form of graphite together with ^<14>C standards.The results were examined by comparing the measured dates with the order of pottery chronologies and locating a pottery group of multiple dates in INTCAL98 calibration curve. By doing so, we were able to construct much more detailed absolute chronologies than before. For example it was shown that the Middle Jomon. Period started around 3500-3450 cal BC and ended around 2450-2500 cal BC. We also demonstrated that the Yayoi Period should have started by about 500 years earlier than has been believed.

日本群岛的新石器时代阶段被称为绳纹时期，其特点是使用陶器和狩猎和采集生活方式，并细分为6个时期。绳纹时代之后的弥生时代以种植水稻、使用青铜和铁器为特征，分为4个时期。尽管自1960年以来，日本的考古学就开始采用“C年代测定法”，但这些时期的绝对年表还没有建立起来，部分原因是日本的考古学家对基于陶器类型和装饰图案的传统年表进行了更广泛的研究和使用。在这个项目中，我们试图通过充分利用详细的考古年表，并将它们与精确的AMS ^<14>C测量相结合，构建绳纹和弥生时期的绝对年表。超过600 ^ < 14 > C测量,主要集中在烧焦的食物仍或烟尘在窑的陶器和炭坑的房子,以及,材料,如木材、漆和种子样本处理自己的消毒和净化,并委托AMS ^ < 14 > C测量商业形式的放射性碳实验室清洁炭/木材/二氧化碳或AMS设施的形式石墨一起^ < 14 > C标准。通过将测量的日期与陶器年表顺序进行比较，并在INTCAL98校准曲线上定位了多个日期的陶器组，对结果进行了检验。通过这样做，我们能够构建比以前更详细的绝对年表。例如，中期绳文。时期开始于公元前3500-3450 cal，结束于公元前2450-2500 cal。我们还证明弥生时代应该比人们认为的早500年左右开始。