Person perception of powerholder in social interaction : An effect of behavioral control on stereotyping

社会交往中人们对当权者的感知：行为控制对刻板印象的影响

• 批准号: 13610121
• 负责人: MURATA Koji
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Hitotsubashi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610121/
• 关键词: behavior control; stereotyping; person perception; powerholder; fate control; interaction

The purpose of this study was to examine an effect of behavior control on stereotyping in asymmetrical social interaction. Previous research found that powerholders who had fate control engaged in stereotyping processes much more than the powerless. It was hypothesized that the high status person who had another type of power, i.e., behavior control would also engage in stereotyping than the high status with no control. In Experiment 1 and 2, participants set mathematical questions to a female target person (experimental confederate) who might be applied to a stereotype that students in her University would not be good at mathematics. The participants could or could not make a decision of her reward (fate control manipulation). They also could or could not select some questions among many (behavior control manipulation). Then they found she played a very good performance and rated her impressions including mathematical competence. In Experiment 1, most participants rated her as high in the mathematical competence, so the hypothesis was not confirmed. Improving the procedure, in Experiment 2, it was confirmed that participants with behavior control rated the target as less competent than when they had no behavior control. The fate control had no effect on perception of the target. In Experiment 3, participant with behavior control was compared to those who did not set questions and just observed a male target. They rated him whose stereotype was very good at mathematics but revealed a poor performance. Although some findings were consistent with the hypothesis, they did not reach statistical significance. These results were discussed with regard to mediation of attention and future direction of study on behavior control.

本研究的目的是考察非对称社会互动中行为控制对刻板印象的影响。之前的研究发现，掌握命运的掌权者比无权者更多地参与刻板印象的过程。假设地位高的人拥有另一种权力，即行为控制力，也会比没有控制力的地位高的人更容易刻板印象。在实验1和实验2中，参与者将数学问题设置给一名女性目标对象(实验邦联成员)，这名女性可能适用于一种刻板印象，即她所在大学的学生不会擅长数学。参与者可以或不能对她的奖励(命运控制操纵)做出决定。他们也可以或不能从许多问题中选择一些问题(行为控制操作)。然后，他们发现她演奏得非常好，并给她的印象打分，包括数学能力。在实验一中，大多数参与者认为她的数学能力很高，所以这一假设没有得到证实。改进程序，在实验2中，实验2证实，与没有行为控制的参与者相比，有行为控制的参与者认为目标能力较差。命运控制对目标知觉没有影响。在实验3中，接受行为控制的参与者与没有设置问题、只是观察男性靶子的参与者进行了比较。他们给他打分，认为他数学很好，但表现很差。虽然有些发现与假设一致，但并未达到统计学意义。这些结果对注意的中介作用和行为控制的未来研究方向进行了讨论。