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Japanese cultural influence on the development of competence from early-childhood to adulthood-A study of developmental social psychology based on the longitudinal and cross-sectional approach-

日本文化对从幼儿期到成年期能力发展的影响——基于纵向和横断面方法的发展社会心理学研究——

基本信息

批准号：
13610168
负责人：
FUJISAKI Machiyo
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Meiji Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of the present investigation is to clarify the developmental processes of the perceived competence in Japanese culture. Based on Harter (1987)'s theory and measurement scales on the competence, on Markus & Kitayayama(1991)'s theory of the cultural view of self, and on Takata(2000)'s scale measuring the independent/interdependent self, four investigations three cross-sectional studies on adolescence, adulthood and senescence and a longitudinal study from childhood to adolescence, were conducted.The summary of these investigations is as follows. (1)The sub-categories of the perceived competence were almost identical with those of constitute original Harter's scale in each developmental stage. (2)It was shown from longitudinal data that the perceived competence generally decline from childhood to middle-adolescence then rise slightly in late-adolescence, and that self-evaluation on the global self-worth keeps nearly same level during these period, however. Cross-sectional studies represent that either perceived competence of many domains or global self-worth were higher in the middle-aged than in the adolescent, and higher in the elderly than in the middle-aged. (3)The differences of the independence and interdependence among each developmental stage were almost same with past findings except for some self-evaluations on the adolescent and the elderly probably derived from the sample biases. The analyses regarding the relationship between perceived competence, global self-worth, independence, and interdependence suggest that the developmental processes of perceived competence are undermined by the acquisition process of the cultural construal of self, although Harter's scale is applicable in Japanese culture.

本研究的目的是阐明日本文化中知觉能力的发展过程。本研究在Harter(1987)的S理论和能力测量量表、马库斯和北山(1991年)的S的自我文化观理论和高田(2000)的S独立/相互依赖自我测量量表的基础上，进行了四项调查：三项关于青春期、成年期和衰老期的横断面研究和一项从儿童到青春期的纵向研究。(1)各发展阶段知觉胜任力的亚类与构成原始哈特量表的亚类基本一致。(2)纵向数据显示，儿童到青春期的自我知觉能力总体上呈下降趋势，青春期后期略有上升，但总体自我价值感在这一时期基本保持不变。横断面研究表明，无论是在多个领域的知觉能力还是总体自我价值感，中年人都高于青少年，老年人高于中年人。(3)各发育阶段的独立性和相互依存性的差异与以往的研究结果基本一致，但对青少年和老年人的一些自我评价可能源于样本偏差。对知觉胜任力、全球自我价值感、独立性和相互依赖之间的关系的分析表明，尽管哈特的量表适用于日本文化，但知觉胜任力的发展过程受到自我文化建构的习得过程的破坏。