The Study of Community-Based Management in the Age of Local Revitalization

本研究的目的是从理论上考察社区管理的发展过程。以社区为基础的管理，我的意思是一个地区的居民集体管理当地的资源，以提高该地区的生活质量。在全球化的现代社会，分权自治已成为一种全球性的趋势。然而，没有社区管理能力的地区是不可能实现分权和自治的。在这个意义上，社区管理是权力下放和自治的条件。在本研究中，我关注了各个主体之间建立什么样的关系才能有效地实现社区管理。我在日本冲绳县、北海道和爱知县赤田地区三个地区进行了社会调查。此外，我还在长春市的中国进行了社会调研，无论是日本还是中国，都可以观察到社区管理的发展。然而，社区管理的社会背景是不同的。一方面，过度集中的社会制度失灵导致了日本社区管理的发展。另一方面，社区管理的启动是以改革开放带动市场经济的发展为背景的。

The purpose of this study is to consider a process of development of community-based management theoretically. With community-based management, I mean that inhabitants of an area manage local resources for improvement of quality of life in the area collectively. In the modern society where globalization is taking place, the decentralization and self-government has become a global trend. However, decentralization and self-government are not realized in an area without ability of community-based management. In that sense community-based management is a condition for decentralization and self-government.In this study, I paid attention to what kind of relation various subjects establish in order to accomplish community-based management effectively.I did social research in three areas in Japan : Okinawa Prefecture, Hokkaido, and Chita region in Aichi Prefecture. In addition, I did social research in Changchun City in China, too.In both Japan and China, development of community-based management could be observed. However, social context of community-based management is different. On the one hand, a malfunction of overcentralized social system causes development of community-based management in Japan. On the other hand, a background of activation of community-based management is development of market economy with the Reform Policy.