The Study of Community-Based Management in the Age of Local Revitalization

本研究的目的是从理论上思考社区管理的发展过程。社区管理是指一个地区的居民管理当地资源，以集体提高该地区的生活质量。在全球化的现代社会，分权自治已成为一种全球性的趋势。然而，在一个没有社区管理能力的地区，分权和自治是无法实现的。因此，社区管理是分权自治的前提。本研究关注的是，为了有效地实现社区管理，各主体之间应该建立怎样的关系。笔者在日本的冲绳县、北海道、爱知县的赤塔地区三个地区进行了社会调查。此外，我还在中国长春市进行了社会调查，在日本和中国都可以看到社区管理的发展。然而，社区管理的社会背景是不同的。一方面，过度集权的社会制度失灵导致了日本社区管理的发展。另一方面，市场经济的发展和改革政策的实施，也是社区管理活跃的背景。

The purpose of this study is to consider a process of development of community-based management theoretically. With community-based management, I mean that inhabitants of an area manage local resources for improvement of quality of life in the area collectively. In the modern society where globalization is taking place, the decentralization and self-government has become a global trend. However, decentralization and self-government are not realized in an area without ability of community-based management. In that sense community-based management is a condition for decentralization and self-government.In this study, I paid attention to what kind of relation various subjects establish in order to accomplish community-based management effectively.I did social research in three areas in Japan : Okinawa Prefecture, Hokkaido, and Chita region in Aichi Prefecture. In addition, I did social research in Changchun City in China, too.In both Japan and China, development of community-based management could be observed. However, social context of community-based management is different. On the one hand, a malfunction of overcentralized social system causes development of community-based management in Japan. On the other hand, a background of activation of community-based management is development of market economy with the Reform Policy.