International Comparative Study on Reform of University's Administration Systems in Transition

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The socioeconomic situation, which surrounds the higher education system of each country, has been quickly transformed with the oil crisis of the 1970s and reorganization of the social systems in early 1990s. Consequently, in almost every country, what higher education should be has been examined and university reform is radically being carried out. However, big differences are found in way of the enforcement procedure and enforcement process in each country.We studied how reform of university administration system has been developed in countries which have different conditions of reform. In addition, we sought to acquire useful findings in order to discover concrete policies for university reform in Japan.We selected Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany as developed countries, and China, Malaysia and Turkey as developing countries. As a result of our research, remarkable feature of the university reform was that the government of every country decided upon a higher education policy by the "small government" policies based on the view of neo-conservatism emphasizing the use of the principle of market competition.However, since the socioeconomic conditions of each country, the historical cultural backgrounds of higher education systems and the degree of spread of higher education differed very much, the application of that policy appeared in various forms according to the environments outside higher education systems.