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A Fundamental Study on History of the Chinese Language Education in Early Modern Japan

近代日本华文教育史基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
13610315
负责人：
SHU Zenan
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Chiba University of Commerce
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610315/
关键词：
the Edo era Chinese language education 外国語教育

项目摘要

The Japanese had no writing system when Chinese characters were introduced into Japan. First characters were used to write the Japanese language, then, in Chinese literature education, the practice of reading Chinese sentences as Japanese started. This made it harder for the Japanese to realize that Chinese characters were a foreign writing system, and made them feel that Chinese literature was not written in foreign sentences. Later, in the middle of the Edo era, OGYU Sorai (Sinologist) criticized the traditional way of Chinese literature education, and advocated radical reform. He insisted that Chinese sentences could be better understood by reading them with Chinese pronunciation and grammar, and translating them into Japanese, and so reading Chinese literature not as Japanese but as Chinese. His proposal was prescribed as the sixth article of the Jishukan (the Kumamoto Clan school) school regulations by AKIYAMA Gyokuzan (Sinologist). It was the first time that the right way to stud … More y Chinese Literature in school education was adopted, after the long history of the wrong way to study it.The trade with the Chinese in Nagasaki during the national isolation of Japan (Sakoku) was behind the rise of Chinese language education in the Edo era. Over 10,000 Chinese had come through Nagasaki during the era, and the Chinese language was used widely for trade. The Tokugawa Shogunate needed the Chinese language skills to control the trade and to procure necessities. In 1603 the Totsuji (officers of Chinese translation) were established as hereditary posts to aid the public officer of Nagasaki. The first Totsuji were Chinese who came to Japan and settled there. But later Totsuji were their descendants, born of their Japanese wives, so they were Japanese. They were good at the language, not because they were Chinese, but because they had studied Chinese from their early childhood as a family skill. As the Nagasaki trade increased, the Totsuji's Chinese language education came to maturity, and it affected the language education of Sinologists. Less

当汉字传入日本时，日本人还没有书写系统。首先是用汉字书写日语，然后在中国文学教育中，开始了像读日语一样读中文句子的做法。这让日本人更难意识到汉字是一种外国书写系统，并让他们觉得中国文学不是用外国句子写的。后来，在江户时代中期，汉学家索莱批评了中国传统的文学教育方式，主张进行激进的改革。他坚持认为，通过阅读带有中文发音和语法的中文句子，并将其翻译成日文，可以更好地理解中文句子，这样就可以阅读中国文学，而不是日文，而是中文。他的提议被明山学派(汉学家)定为熊本学校规的第六条。这是第一次以正确的方式研究…中国文学在学校教育中被更多地采用，在很长一段时间里，错误的研究方法被采用。日本民族孤立(Sakoku)期间与长崎的中国人的贸易是江户时代汉语教育兴起的背后原因。在那个时代，有超过1万名中国人通过长崎，汉语被广泛用于贸易。德川幕府需要汉语技能来控制贸易和采购必需品。1603年，Totsuji(中文翻译官员)被设立为世袭职位，以帮助长崎的公职人员。第一批Totsuji是来到日本定居的中国人。但后来Totsuji是他们的后代，是他们的日本妻子生的，所以他们是日本人。他们擅长汉语，不是因为他们是中国人，而是因为他们从小就把汉语作为一种家庭技能来学习。随着长崎贸易的增加，土司的汉语教育走向成熟，并对汉学家的语言教育产生了影响。较少