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Historical research of the formation of the Communism Regime in China

中国共产主义政权形成的历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
13610424
负责人：
OKUMURA Satoshi
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Chinese Socialism Regime can be characterized as a sort of total war system of a backward country to defend herself against an invasion of imperialistic countries. This regime has the following three principal components. (1)In politics, the monopoly of political power by the single party (Communist Party of China) who put the people under their guidance and dominance. (2)In economy, the nationalization/national management of the principal means of production and the planned economy (in substance, the state-controlled economy) under the governmental guidance that excludes market economy. (3)In the social relationship, the national integration of the people by the state that allows no private rights to an individual. It is easier to trace the formation process of (1) and (2), but that of (3) is a difficult problem as to which little researches have so far been done. This difficulty may be ascribed to the prevalent misunderstanding on Chinese society that the traditional society of C … More hina was bound together by strong community structures that has been supposed to have paved the way to socialism. The truth is, however, that the traditional society of China was poorly organized individualistic society that was quite different from the rigidly organized society under the Chinese Socialism Regime in which an individual cannot enjoy any privacy.During these two years, I have been trying to trace the reorganization process of the poorly organized traditional society of China during the Anti-Japan War and Civil War periods by examining the problem of conscription by the Nationalist Government. Many historical documents in The Second National Archives (Nanking) and Sichuan Provintial Archives indicate that the Nationalist Government had to enlist many young men to resist the Japanese invasion This eventually proved to be a very difficult question for the government. As opposed to the case of Japan in which a piece of conscription paper sufficed to recruit a young man. the Chinese government had to appeal to compulsory methods like kidnapping, as young men of China grown up in the poorly organized society and hardly influenced by nationalism often ran away when to be enlisted. Further, conscription of young men who constituted the principal labor force in agriculture in addition to imposition of heavy taxes for procuring provisions forced a heavy burden to the local society and caused conflicts of interests between various regions and social classes. Thus, in the process of the Anti-Japan War there emerged the favorable conditions for the Chinese Communist Party to organize the Land Reform Movement basing on the class-struggle theory. Less

中国社会主义政权可以被描述为一种落后国家抵御帝国主义国家入侵的全面战争制度。这一制度有以下三个主要组成部分。(1)In政治，由一个政党（中国共产党）垄断政治权力，将人民置于其指导和统治之下。(2)In经济，主要生产资料的国有化/国家管理和政府指导下的计划经济（实质上是国家控制经济），排除市场经济。(3)In社会关系，国家对人民的民族融合，不允许个人拥有任何私人权利。（1）和（2）的形成过程比较容易追溯，但（3）的形成过程是一个难题，至今研究得很少。这一困难的根源在于人们对中国社会普遍存在的误解，即中国传统社会 ...更多信息中国被强大的社区结构联系在一起，这种结构被认为为社会主义铺平了道路。但事实上，中国传统社会是一个组织不良的个人主义社会，与中国社会主义制度下的组织严密、个人没有隐私的社会有很大的不同，在这两年里，本文试图追溯抗战时期中国传统社会的重组过程，通过考察国民政府的征兵问题，分析了日本战争和南北战争时期的征兵问题。国家第二档案馆（南京）和四川省档案馆的许多历史文献表明，国民政府不得不招募许多年轻人来抵抗日本的侵略，这最终证明是一个非常困难的问题。与日本的情况不同，在日本，一张征兵纸就足以招募一名年轻人。中国政府不得不诉诸绑架等强制性方法，因为中国的年轻人在组织不良的社会中长大，几乎不受民族主义的影响，当被招募时，他们经常逃跑。此外，对构成农业主要劳动力的年轻人的征兵，以及征收沉重的购买粮食税，给当地社会带来了沉重的负担，并造成了不同地区和社会阶层之间的利益冲突。这样，在抗日战争的过程中，就为中国共产党在阶级斗争理论基础上组织土地改革运动创造了有利条件。少