Comparative Studies of Perceptions of the Pacific Ocean in the United States from the mid-19th Century to the beginning of the 20th Century

19世纪中叶至20世纪初美国太平洋认知比较研究

• 批准号: 13610444
• 负责人: ENDO Yasuo
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610444/
• 关键词: the Pacific Ocean; Navy; a World Exposition; Nanyo; Alfred T. Mahan; Shiga Shigetaka; Perry; Hawaii; 台湾; アメリカ合衆国; 植民地; 米西戦争; 太平洋戦争; 記憶; シアトル; アラスカ; サンフランシスコ; 海; 地域研究; 竹越与三郎; 太平洋博覧会; 地政学

I found significant difference between Japanese and American perceptions of the Pacific Ocean in the late 19^<th> -and the early 20^<th>-_century.Since the 19^<th>-century, Americans have made great efforts to gain a scientific and systematic vision of the Pacific Ocean. The career and achievements of Mathew F. Maury, a lieutenant of the hydrographical department in the American navy was its best example. He contributed to the rise of the ocean logy in the mid-19^<th> century America. Even Alfred T. Mahan, the foremost American naval strategist at the turn of the 20^<th> century, inherited this tradition. His emphasis on Hawaii islands as the strategic pivot for the hegemony of the Pacific Ocean, for instance, derived from his understanding of the dominance of ocean depending on systematic deployment of naval forces. On the other hand, many literary critics and historians in America looked at life and culture of Pacific islands as antitheses against their own civilization. Some people … More even believed that they foresaw the future of mutli-national and multi-ethnic America in the Pacific area. That vision loomed up in their mind especially after the US gained the Philippines and Hawaii islands in 1898.Japanese started to envision Japan's position in the Pacific only after the Perry's arrival. Soon they molded the geographical concept of "Nanyo (the South Sea Area)", which they thought to be included neither in the West nor in the East. Japan, in their expectation, should become the leader of that area and stood against the invasion of the Euro-American powers. Many of the proponents of Japanese development into the Nanyo, however, did not have any detailed and realistic understanding of geographical and socio-political figure of the Nanyo in the world. This peculiarly barren vision of Nanyo, a Southern part of the Pacific Ocean, found its best expression in Takekoshi Yosaburo's Nangokuki of 1910. In it, Takekoshi hailed the rise of Imperial Japan in the Nanyo and emphasized the importance of Japanization of Nanyo peoples to win competition of civilizations between the East and the West. But he never fully depicted the life and culture of those peoples.The contrast between Japanese and American perceptions of the Pacific Ocean teaches us that in the Pacific area the contemporaneous experience of peoples of different cultures could easily lead to the distrust of each other. Thus comparative studies of the visions of the Pacific are indispensable for us to gain balanced understanding of multilateral and multi-layered historical experiences of the nations surrounding the Pacific. Less

笔者发现，在19世纪末和20世纪初，日本人和美国人对太平洋的认识存在着很大的差异<th><th>。从19世纪开始<th>，美国人为获得科学的、系统的太平洋观进行了大量的努力。马修·F.美国海军水文部门的一名中尉莫里就是最好的例子。他为世纪中期美国海洋学的兴起做出了贡献<th>。甚至阿尔弗雷德·T 20^世纪之交美国最重要的海军战略家马汉<th>继承了这一传统。例如，他强调夏威夷群岛是太平洋霸权的战略支点，这源于他对海洋的统治取决于海军力量的系统部署的理解。另一方面，许多美国文学评论家和历史学家将太平洋岛屿的生活和文化视为与自己文明的对立面。有些人 ...更多信息 甚至相信他们预见了太平洋地区多民族和多种族的美国的未来。这一愿景在1898年美国获得菲律宾和夏威夷群岛后浮现在日本人的脑海中。直到佩里抵达后，日本人才开始设想日本在太平洋的地位。不久，他们塑造了“南洋（南海地区）”的地理概念，他们认为这既不包括在西方，也不包括在东方。他们期望日本成为这一地区的领导者，反对欧美列强的入侵。然而，许多支持日本发展成南洋的人对南洋在世界上的地理和社会政治人物没有任何详细和现实的了解。南洋是太平洋南部的一部分，这种特别贫瘠的景象在1910年Takekoshi Yosaburo的Nangokuki中得到了最好的表达。在这篇文章中，武越赞扬了日本帝国在南洋的崛起，并强调了南洋民族的日本化对于赢得东西方文明竞争的重要性。但他从未完整地描绘出这些民族的生活和文化。日本人和美国人对太平洋的看法的对比告诉我们，在太平洋地区，不同文化的民族的同时经历很容易导致彼此的不信任。因此，对太平洋愿景的比较研究对于我们平衡地理解太平洋周边国家的多边和多层次的历史经验是必不可少的。少

项目成果

Yasuo ENDO: ""Ein Meer names Daitoyo : Das Konzept des Pazifik aus Japanischer Sicht, 1660-1860""Das Meer als Kulturelle Kontaktzone, (UVK, Ge). 201-222 (2003)

Yasuo ENDO：“Ein Meer 命名 Daitoyo：Das Konzept des Pazifik aus Japanischer Sicht，1660-1860”“Das Meer als Kulturelle Kontaktzone，（UVK，Ge）。

History, Distance and Text: Narratives of the 1853-54 Perry Expedition to Japan

历史、距离和文本：1853-54 年佩里远征日本的叙述

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Journal of Historical Geography vol.30(in print)
• 作者: Yasuo ENDO;Yasuo ENDO
• 通讯作者: Yasuo ENDO

Yasuo ENDO: "Japan's Self-Portrait Reflected in the Pacific Ocean"Framing the Pacific in the 21st Century : Coexistence and Friction. 49-69 (2001)

远藤康夫：《太平洋上的日本自画像》描绘了21世纪的太平洋：共存与摩擦。

太平洋世界の相互イメージ-19世紀の米国と日本における太平洋の表象

太平洋世界的共同意象：19世纪美国和日本对太平洋的再现

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 太平洋世界の中のアメリカ(彩流社) (印刷中)
• 作者: Yasuo ENDO;Yasuo ENDO;遠藤 泰生
• 通讯作者: 遠藤 泰生

Memory Divided By More Than An Ocean : The Pacific War in Japan and the U.S.

跨越大洋的记忆:日本和美国的太平洋战争

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: アメリカ太平洋研究 4
• 作者: Yasuo ENDO;Yasuo ENDO;遠藤 泰生;Yasuo ENDO;Yasuo ENDO;Yasuo ENDO
• 通讯作者: Yasuo ENDO