A Study of Popular Opinion and Policy Evaluation under the Stalinist Regime

这项研究试图阐明苏联人民对20世纪30年代在斯大林统治下强行执行的一些划时代政策的反应，以及他们是如何构建自己对政权的看法和评价的。该研究项目特别侧重于1920年代末至1930年代初期间实施的有关农业的激进工业化和集体化的政策，以及1937-1938年期间实施的大规模和破坏性的恐怖行为。这项研究使用的主要史料是许多公民写给政治领导人和苏联报纸编辑的信件，以及一些普通人写的日记，这些日记在一些新打开的档案中发现。通过这项历时三年的研究，证实了公众特别是年轻一代中存在相当广泛的意见和强烈的异议，并取得了一些新的结果。第一个结果是发现了一份未出版的材料，显示了莫斯科基辅地区一些公寓的居民组织的文化和日常生活委员会(kul‘turno-bytovaia kommisiia)活动的某些方面，特别是自我管理的餐馆的活动。在这份材料的基础上，我成功地澄清了斯大林政权下存在的社区活动的一个方面。第二件事是发现了一本未出版的集体日记，作者是四名女学生，她们于20世纪30年代中期在莫斯科国立教育学院的宿舍里组织了一个所谓的家庭公社。这本日记使人们有可能接近斯大林统治时期幸存下来的亲密领域或原始公共领域。

The research attempted to elucidate how Soviet people had responded to some epoch-making policies that had been forcibly enforced under Stalin in the 1930s and how they had constructed their opinions and evaluation on the regime. This research project especially focused on the policies concerning the radicalized industrialization and collectivization of agriculture carried out during the period of the end of the 1920s to the beginning of the 1930s and the massive and destructive act of terror performed during the years 1937-1938. The main historical materials used by this study are many citizens' letters addressed to political leaders and editors of soviet newspapers and some diaries written by ordinary people, which are found in some newly opened archives. Through this research project that spanned three years, a considerable spectrum of opinions and the existence of strong dissent among the people, in particular among younger generation, were confirmed.Besides, some additional results were obtained. The first result is the discovery of an unpublished material that shows some aspects of activities of committee for culture and daily life' (kul'turno-bytovaia kommisiia) organized by residents of some apartments located in Kiev region of Moscow, especially activities of self-managed eating house. On the basis of this material, I succeeded to clarify an aspect of community activities that had existed under the Stalinist regime. The second is the discovery of an unpublished collective diary written by four female students who organized a so-called domestic commune at their dormitory room of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute in the mid-1930s. This diary made it possible to approach the intimate sphere or the proto-public sphere that had survived during Stalin's reign.