Impact biomechanics research for clarification of pedestrian chest injury mechanism in car-to-pedestrian accidents

采用有限元分析方法，研究了车辆前部外形对行人胸部损伤的影响因素。在引擎盖类型的车-行人事故中，行人的胸部根据行人整个身体围绕汽车的旋转以低速撞击引擎盖顶部。胸部撞击处的帽顶刚度分布均匀，胸部变形小而均匀。在一起单箱式车辆-行人事故中，行人的胸部在高速行驶时直接受到车辆前部的撞击。由于胸部被僵硬的挡风玻璃框击中，胸部局部变形。结果表明，车辆外形会影响对胸部的撞击速度，而车辆结构的刚度会影响胸部变形及其振型。

In the present study, the factors that can affect a pedestrian’s chest injuries by the front configuration of a vehicle were investigated using a finite element analysis. In a bonnet-type car-pedestrian accident, the pedestrian’s chest impacted the bonnet top at a low velocity according to the rotation of the pedestrian's entire body around the car. The stiffness of the bonnet top where the chest impacted was distributed, and thorax deformation was small and uniform. In a one-box type vehicle-pedestrian accident, the pedestrian’s chest was directly impacted by the front of the vehicle at a high velocity. Because the chest was hit by the stiff windshield frame, the thorax was deformed locally. The results showed that vehicle configuration can affect the impact velocity to the chest, and the stiffness of the vehicle structure can affect chest deformation and its mode.