Comparative Archaeological Studies on the Development Processes of Weapons during the State Formation Period of the Japanese Archipelago and the Korean Peninsular

本研究以日本列岛和朝鲜半岛的考古资料为基础，首先考察了日本列岛和朝鲜半岛武器种类及其组合的长期时间变化，并结合历史背景，揭示了日本列岛和朝鲜半岛武器发展的过程。在日本列岛，起源于骑马战斗的长矛等特定种类的武器变得过于巨大，无法用于真实的战斗，这表明它们在弥生时代中期被转化为仪式物品。相比之下，在朝鲜半岛几乎看不到这种现象，那里的各种武器，包括长矛，都是作为真实的战斗工具而发展起来的。据认为，这种差异是由于这两个地区的社会政治环境不同。也就是说，朝鲜遭受了高句丽骑马军队的袭击或入侵，而日本则自然受到海洋的保护，免受这种军事打击。 ...更多信息 其次，分析了两个地区在武器发展过程中的相互关系。虽然这两个地区的武器，来自同一个起源，直到公元前2世纪和3世纪都彼此相似，它们最终在形式，功能及其组合方面出现分歧。在第五世纪，这两个传统再次变得更加紧密，包括频繁的风格和技术交流。这表明，早期国家（大和、新罗、北车等）和其他较小的国家（如吉备、筑紫、大谷联盟等）之间的社会政治互动，包括军事活动，都在不断发展。最后，在认知研究的基础上，分析了武器地域分异的形成机制。在人工制品中出现的空间差异至少包括三个方面：1）特定类型的工具的存在或不存在，2）风格和设计的差异，可能是由人们口头表达的，因此很容易通过文化传染出现或消失，3）形式模式的微妙差异，人们很少口头表达，但通过一种文化遗产持续传播。少

This research aims to show the process of the development of weapons and to consider its historical background in the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsular.At first, the long-term temporal changes of the sorts of weapons and their combination are investigated based on the archaeological data from both areas. In the Japanese archipelago, particular kinds of weapon such as lances which originated in horse riding battle grew too huge to be used in real fights, showing that they were transformed into ritual goods, by the middle of the Yayoi Period. In contrast, such phenomena were hardly observed in Korean peninsular, where various kinds of weapons including lances developed as tools for real battles. It is considered that this divergence stemmed from the difference of socio-political circumstances between these two regions. That is, Korea had been suffered from raiding or invasion by the horse riding armies of Kogryo, while Japan was naturally protected by the sea from such milit … More ary harassments.Secondly, the mutual relationships that can be observed on the way of development processes of weapon between the two areas are considered. Though the weapon in both areas, coming from the same origin, resembled each other until the second and third centuries B.C., they eventually diverged in terms of form, function and their combination. During the fifth centuriy, the two traditions became closer again, involving frequent exchange of styles and technologies. This indicates that the socio-political interaction including military activities among the growing early states (Yamato, Silla, Pekche and other smaller ones such as Kibi, Tsukushi and Daekaya alliance, etc.) in Japan and Korea.At last, the formation mechanism of regional differentiation of weapon is analysed on the basis of cognitive studies. The spatial divergence appeared in artefacts consists of at least three dimensions ; 1)existence or absence of particular sorts of tools, 2)differences in style and design, probably verbalised by people and hence easily emerges or disappears by cultural contagion, 3)subtle differences in pattern of forms, hardly verbalised by people but transmitted persistently through a kind of cultural inheritance. Less