Comparative Archaeological Studies on the Development Processes of Weapons during the State Formation Period of the Japanese Archipelago and the Korean Peninsular

该研究旨在展示武器的发展过程，并考虑其在日本列岛和朝鲜半岛的历史背景。首先，根据两个地区的考古资料，考察了武器种类及其组合的长期时间变化。在日本列岛，某些武器，如长矛，起源于骑马战斗，由于体型过大而无法在实际战斗中使用，这表明它们在弥生时代中期被转变为仪式用品。相反，在朝鲜半岛几乎看不到这种现象。朝鲜半岛作为实战工具开发了长枪等多种武器。人们认为，这种差异是由于这两个地区的社会政治环境不同造成的。也就是说，朝鲜遭受了高丽骑兵的袭击或入侵，而日本自然受到海洋的保护，免受这种军事骚扰。其次，考虑了这两个领域在武器发展过程中可以观察到的相互关系。尽管这两个地区的武器起源相同，直到公元前2世纪和3世纪都很相似，但它们最终在形式、功能和组合方面出现了分歧。在公元5世纪，这两个传统再次变得更加紧密，包括频繁的风格和技术交流。这表明了日本和韩国日益发展的早期国家（大和、新罗、北切和其他较小的国家，如菊壁、筑地和大谷联盟等）之间的社会政治互动，包括军事活动。最后，在认知研究的基础上，分析了武器区域分化的形成机制。人工制品中出现的空间发散至少包含三个维度；1)有或没有特定种类的工具；2)风格和设计上的差异，可能被人们用语言表达，因此很容易在文化传染中出现或消失；3)形式模式上的微妙差异，人们很难用语言表达，但通过一种文化继承而持续传播。少

This research aims to show the process of the development of weapons and to consider its historical background in the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsular.At first, the long-term temporal changes of the sorts of weapons and their combination are investigated based on the archaeological data from both areas. In the Japanese archipelago, particular kinds of weapon such as lances which originated in horse riding battle grew too huge to be used in real fights, showing that they were transformed into ritual goods, by the middle of the Yayoi Period. In contrast, such phenomena were hardly observed in Korean peninsular, where various kinds of weapons including lances developed as tools for real battles. It is considered that this divergence stemmed from the difference of socio-political circumstances between these two regions. That is, Korea had been suffered from raiding or invasion by the horse riding armies of Kogryo, while Japan was naturally protected by the sea from such milit … More ary harassments.Secondly, the mutual relationships that can be observed on the way of development processes of weapon between the two areas are considered. Though the weapon in both areas, coming from the same origin, resembled each other until the second and third centuries B.C., they eventually diverged in terms of form, function and their combination. During the fifth centuriy, the two traditions became closer again, involving frequent exchange of styles and technologies. This indicates that the socio-political interaction including military activities among the growing early states (Yamato, Silla, Pekche and other smaller ones such as Kibi, Tsukushi and Daekaya alliance, etc.) in Japan and Korea.At last, the formation mechanism of regional differentiation of weapon is analysed on the basis of cognitive studies. The spatial divergence appeared in artefacts consists of at least three dimensions ; 1)existence or absence of particular sorts of tools, 2)differences in style and design, probably verbalised by people and hence easily emerges or disappears by cultural contagion, 3)subtle differences in pattern of forms, hardly verbalised by people but transmitted persistently through a kind of cultural inheritance. Less