Comparative Archaeological Studies on the Development Processes of Weapons during the State Formation Period of the Japanese Archipelago and the Korean Peninsular

本研究旨在展示武器在日本群岛和朝鲜半岛的发展过程，并考虑其历史背景。首先，基于这两个地区的考古数据，考察了武器种类及其组合的长期时间变化。在日本群岛，起源于骑马战斗的特殊武器，如长矛，变得太大，不能在真正的战斗中使用，这表明它们在弥合时期中期被转化为祭祀物品。相比之下，在朝鲜半岛几乎没有观察到这样的现象，那里的各种武器，包括长矛，都是作为实战工具发展起来的。据认为，这种差异源于这两个区域之间的社会政治环境的差异。也就是说，朝鲜遭受了高丽骑马大军的袭击或入侵，而日本自然受到了海洋的保护，免受这种…的侵袭其次，考虑了两个地区在武器发展过程中可以观察到的相互关系。尽管直到公元前2世纪和3世纪，这两个地区的武器都来自同一来源，但它们最终在形式、功能和组合方面有所不同。在公元五世纪，这两个传统再次变得更加紧密，涉及到频繁的风格和技术交流。这表明，不断发展的早期国家(大和、新拉、佩奇和其他较小的国家，如Kibi、筑地和大屋联盟等)之间的社会政治互动包括军事活动。最后，在认知研究的基础上，分析了武器地域分异的形成机制。艺术品中出现的空间差异至少包括三个维度：1)特定工具的存在或缺失；2)风格和设计的差异，可能是人们用语言表达的，因此很容易通过文化传染而出现或消失；3)形式模式的微妙差异，人们很难用语言表达，但通过一种文化遗产持久地传递。较少

This research aims to show the process of the development of weapons and to consider its historical background in the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsular.At first, the long-term temporal changes of the sorts of weapons and their combination are investigated based on the archaeological data from both areas. In the Japanese archipelago, particular kinds of weapon such as lances which originated in horse riding battle grew too huge to be used in real fights, showing that they were transformed into ritual goods, by the middle of the Yayoi Period. In contrast, such phenomena were hardly observed in Korean peninsular, where various kinds of weapons including lances developed as tools for real battles. It is considered that this divergence stemmed from the difference of socio-political circumstances between these two regions. That is, Korea had been suffered from raiding or invasion by the horse riding armies of Kogryo, while Japan was naturally protected by the sea from such milit … More ary harassments.Secondly, the mutual relationships that can be observed on the way of development processes of weapon between the two areas are considered. Though the weapon in both areas, coming from the same origin, resembled each other until the second and third centuries B.C., they eventually diverged in terms of form, function and their combination. During the fifth centuriy, the two traditions became closer again, involving frequent exchange of styles and technologies. This indicates that the socio-political interaction including military activities among the growing early states (Yamato, Silla, Pekche and other smaller ones such as Kibi, Tsukushi and Daekaya alliance, etc.) in Japan and Korea.At last, the formation mechanism of regional differentiation of weapon is analysed on the basis of cognitive studies. The spatial divergence appeared in artefacts consists of at least three dimensions ; 1)existence or absence of particular sorts of tools, 2)differences in style and design, probably verbalised by people and hence easily emerges or disappears by cultural contagion, 3)subtle differences in pattern of forms, hardly verbalised by people but transmitted persistently through a kind of cultural inheritance. Less