An essay to introduce the drive (=instinct)-theory and the secend topology of Freud into the Kafka-study

我的论文介绍了驱力（=本能）理论和弗洛伊德的第二拓扑到卡夫卡的研究是通过三个出版物，分析“判决”（I），（II）和“斯托克”。本文的创新之处在于：1）通过对Kafka作品的分析，发现了四种类型的人物形象。自我，本我，保护性的超我和指责性的超我。这四种类型在他的小说和故事中很常见。俄罗斯朋友格奥尔格·本德曼（Georg Bendeman），格奥尔格的父亲在“变态”（一种激进的性格变化）之前和格奥尔格的父亲在“变态”之后是自我，本我，保护（友好）的超我和指责（严格）的超我。在<The Stoker>，卡尔罗斯曼，司炉工，卡尔的叔叔，卡尔的父亲是这四种类型。在《变形记》中，变形前的格里高尔·萨姆沙、变形后的格里高尔、“变形”前的父亲和“变形”后的父亲构成了这四种类型。中<The Penal Colony>，探险家、士兵、现任司令官和前任司令官以及军官构成了这四种类型。这种模式可以通过深入的精神分析研究找到。2）在<The Judgment>，乔治的父亲判处他自己的儿子溺水死亡，没有理由这样做。这种行为很难理解，只能用忧郁中驱力的消散来解释。正常情况下，生命驱力（=本能）和死亡驱力在本我中混合，但驱力的溶解发生在忧郁中，死亡驱力的流入开始从本我进入超我。俄罗斯朋友作为诗人的Kafka是一个净化的爱欲（整合的功能），因为文学无非是一个自我整合的作品。死亡驱力的流入使父亲如此残忍地判处自己的儿子死刑。

My essay to introduce the drive(=instinct)-theory and the second topology of Freud into the Kafka-study is achieved through three publications, the analysis of "The Judgment" (I), (II) and of "The Stoker". These essays are new in two points.1)Four types of figures are found through the analysis of the works of Kafka. The ego, the id, the protective superego and the accusing superego. These four types are common in his novels and stories. Georg Bendeman, the Russian friend, Georg's father before the "metamorphosis" (a radical character-change) and Georg's father after the "metamorphosis" are the ego, the id, the protective (friendly)superego and the accusing (strict) superego. In <The Stoker>, Karl Rossmann, the stoker, Karl's uncle, and Karl's father are these four types. In "The Metamorphosis", Gregor Samsa before the metamorphosis, Gregor after the metamorphosis, his father before the "metamorphosis" and his father after the "metamorphosis" constitute these four types. In <The Penal Colony>, the explorer, the soldier, the present commandant and the last commandant and the officer constitute these four types. This schema can be found through deep psychoanalytic research.2)In <The Judgment>, Georg's father sentences his own son to death by drowning without reason to do so. This behavior, which is hard to comprehend, can be explained only by the dissolution of drives in melancholy. The Life-Drive(=Instinct) and the Death-Drive are mixed in the id under normal conditions, but the dissolution of drives occurs in melancholy, and the inflow of the Death-Drive begins from the Id into the superego. The Russian friend as Kafka as poet is a purified Eros (the function of integration), because the literature is nothing other than a work of integration of ego. The inflow of Death-Drive makes the father so brutal to sentence his own son to death.