A Comparative Study of Scramblings

语法：通过与G. Grewendorf， J. sabel（日耳曼语言），Z.Boskovic（斯拉夫语言），S.Miyagawa（阿尔泰语系语言）和J. Jayaseelan（德拉威语系语言）的广泛联合研究，明确了日语加扰的突出特性。这些属性中最基本的是运动不反映在语义表征中。在此基础上，提出了对日本乱抢的具体分析。该分析发展了极简主义理论，通过删除语法特征来循环解释链，并成功地解释了日本scramble的主要特性，包括激进的重建特性，着陆点的混合A/A性质，以及痕迹对适当约束条件的严格服从。最后，有人提议解释为什么日语，而不是其他语言，有这种类型的混乱。假设这是由于日语在短语结构结构中使用了最纯粹的“Merge”。这也解释了日语中其他独特的现象，如轻动词结构和广泛的论点省略。习得：以2 ~ 4岁的被试为对象，进行了抓乱习得实验。结果表明，在非常早期的阶段（大约2岁）就已经获得了争抢，这与文献报道的结果相矛盾。特别是，结果清楚地表明，置乱比被动更早获得，这支持了置乱不是特征驱动的假设。这一结论与句法研究中提出的日语由于在短语结构构建中使用“合并”的方式而具有独特属性的观点是完全一致的，因此也支持了这一观点。

Syntax : The outstanding properties of Japanese scrambling were made clear through extensive joint research with G. Grewendorf, J.Sabel (Germanic languages), Z.Boskovic (Slavic languages), S.Miyagawa (Altaic languages), and J. Jayaseelan (Dravidian languages). The most fundamental among those properties is that the movement is not reflected in semantic representation. A concrete analysis of Japanese scrambling was proposed on the basis of this result. The analysis develops the minimalist theory so that chains are interpreted cyclically by deletion of syntactic features, and it successfully explains the major properties of Japanese scrambling, including the radical reconstruction property, the mixed A/A' nature of the landing site, and the strict obedience of the trace to the proper binding condition. Finally, a proposal was made to explain why Japanese, and not other languages, has this type of, scrambling. The hypothesis is that this is due to the fact that Japanese employs 'Merge' in its purest form in phrase structure construction. This accounts for other unique phenomena in Japanese as well, for example, the light verb construction and extensive argument ellipsis.Acquisition : Some experiments were conducted on the acquisition of scrambling with 2〜4 year old subjects. The results indicate that scrambling is already acquired at a very early stage (about 2 years of age), in contradiction with the findings reported in the literature. In particular, the results show clearly that scrambling is acquired much earlier than passive, and this supports the hypothesis that scrambling is not feature-driven. This conclusion is in perfect harmony with and hence, supports the proposal in the syntactic research that Japanese has scrambling with unique properties because of the way it employs'Merge' in phrase-structure building.