"CITY" and "PUBLIC SPHERE" in Literature

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The purposes of this research are the following two points. The first point is clarifying functional coincidence of a "city" and the "public sphere" theoretically. The second point is examining the validity of the theoretical hypothesis concretely. It is the modern literature of Asia, the United States, and Europe which was mainly made the material on the occasion of the investigation. As one of the theoretical results, the function in which a "city" and the "public sphere" convert the meaning of foreign culture was clarified. This consideration is persuasive also when explaining computerization and media of a present age city. Moreover, it was verified that formation of literature-media and establishment of the editorial rights of media were historically important for development in the public area. On the other hand, concrete research on the development and the change in the public area in the literary work of Asia and the West was also performed. Consequently, it was not concerned with the area, but the public space born to the city expanded social communication, and having contributed to establishment of a modern system became clear. However, it can also be pointed out that the small however reevaluation in the familiar public sphere is also progressing as a present-day tendency.