The historical study on the structure design of diversified electronic firms

本研究于2002年进行，目的是分析日本电力公司（NEC）在战后快速成长期间的结构变迁及其影响因素。1961年，NEC开始实行4个事业部的事业部制，1965年，社长小林幸二将NEC的业务细分为12个事业部。与此同时，小林社长重组了常务董事会，负责讨论战略决策并控制12个部门。随着通信事业、计算机事业、半导体事业等多种多样事业的发展，有必要明确战略。1971年引入了以事业部为单位控制同一事业领域的事业集团制度，强化了等级制度。虽然NEC的部门体系是从20世纪60年代到70年代发展起来的，但它包括功能部门，如设计部门、制造部门、营销部门等。被冈野忠雄称为“日本式特征”的功能部门制与NEC的部门制相同。NEC的职能部门制事件并不是指出了部门制的失败，而是指出了职能部门在缓解NEC的资源短缺方面发挥了作用。尤其是职能部门的灵活性，有助于提高半导体、计算机等技术相关业务之间的协同效应。将NEC的情况与落后于NEC的引进事业部制的冲木电气的情况进行比较，需要进一步考虑。

The purpose of this research in 2002 was to analyze the structural changes and its factors of Nippon Electric Co. (NEC) during the Post-War rapid growth. The divisional system of NEC, which was consisted with four divisions, started in 1961, and the president Koji Kobayashi subdivided NEC's business to the 12 divisions in 1965. At the same time the president Kobayashi reorganized the managing directors board, which was to discuss on strategic decisions and to control the 12 divisions. Because growing the communications business, the computers business, the semiconductors business, and the other various diversified businesses, it became necessary for NEC to make its strategy more clear. The business groups system, which controls the same business fields, consisted with some divisions was introduced in 1971, and strengthened the hierarchy system. Though the NEC's divisional system developed from 1960s' to 1970s', it included functional divisions, such as design divisions, manufacturing divisions, marketing divisions, etc. The functional divisions system, which Tadao Kagono called the feature of Japanese style, was the same as the NEC's divisional system. The case of NEC's functional divisions system didn't point out that the divisional system failed to function properly, but that functional divisions worked on relaxing the shortage of resources in NEC. Especially the flexibility of functional divisions contributed to effect on the synergy among the technical related business, such as semiconductors, computers, etc. It needs further consideration that the case of NEC will be compared with the case of Oki Electric Industry, which introduce divisional system falling behind NEC.