The historical study on the structure design of diversified electronic firms

2002年的这项研究旨在分析日本电气公司(NEC)在战后快速增长期间的结构变化及其影响因素。NEC的事业部体系由四个事业部组成，始于1961年，社长小林幸司于1965年将NEC的业务细分为12个事业部。与此同时，小林社长重组了常务董事董事会，该董事会将讨论战略决策并控制12个部门。由于通信业务、计算机业务、半导体业务以及其他各种多元化业务的增长，NEC有必要进一步明确其战略。1971年引入了企业集团制度，由若干部门组成，控制着相同的业务领域，强化了等级制度。虽然NEC的部门体系发展于20世纪60年代至70年代，但它包括设计部门、制造部门、市场部门等职能部门。被鹿野忠雄称为日本风格特征的职能部门体系与NEC的部门体系是相同的。NEC职能部门体系的案例并没有指出部门体系不能正常运作，而是职能部门在缓解NEC资源短缺的问题上发挥了作用。特别是职能分工的灵活性，影响了半导体、计算机等技术相关业务之间的协同效应。NEC的案例将与引入部门制度落后于NEC的冲电气产业的案例进行比较，这一点需要进一步考虑。

The purpose of this research in 2002 was to analyze the structural changes and its factors of Nippon Electric Co. (NEC) during the Post-War rapid growth. The divisional system of NEC, which was consisted with four divisions, started in 1961, and the president Koji Kobayashi subdivided NEC's business to the 12 divisions in 1965. At the same time the president Kobayashi reorganized the managing directors board, which was to discuss on strategic decisions and to control the 12 divisions. Because growing the communications business, the computers business, the semiconductors business, and the other various diversified businesses, it became necessary for NEC to make its strategy more clear. The business groups system, which controls the same business fields, consisted with some divisions was introduced in 1971, and strengthened the hierarchy system. Though the NEC's divisional system developed from 1960s' to 1970s', it included functional divisions, such as design divisions, manufacturing divisions, marketing divisions, etc. The functional divisions system, which Tadao Kagono called the feature of Japanese style, was the same as the NEC's divisional system. The case of NEC's functional divisions system didn't point out that the divisional system failed to function properly, but that functional divisions worked on relaxing the shortage of resources in NEC. Especially the flexibility of functional divisions contributed to effect on the synergy among the technical related business, such as semiconductors, computers, etc. It needs further consideration that the case of NEC will be compared with the case of Oki Electric Industry, which introduce divisional system falling behind NEC.