Dynamic Analysis of Oral Movement during eating and swallowing using Real-time Fringe Pattern Analysis

面部运动，嘴唇和脸颊，对咀嚼和语音功能有很大的影响。然而，很少有方法来评估面部运动。为此，我们建立了人脸形状和变形的实时测量系统。该系统由载波条纹投影仪、CCD摄像机和图像分析板单元组成。将带有载波条纹图案的人脸投影图像与计算机生成的三幅相对相移光栅参考图像相乘，通过低通滤波得到三幅相滤云纹图像。该进程在硬件上以60Hz的频率执行。采用直接线性平移法将相位数据转换为实际数据。将14个参考点均匀放置在半球形试样上，对该系统的精度进行了评价。分析了实际坐标与系统数据的偏差。因此，该系统能够准确、有效地分析面部、嘴唇和脸颊在功能过程中的动态变形。本研究的目的是利用三维运动捕捉系统分析假牙佩戴者嘴唇运动的运动学差异，并探索嘴唇和假牙在一系列吞咽运动中的作用。研究对象为5名全口义齿佩戴者，年龄67 ~ 90岁，男3名，女2名。受试者被要求在戴假牙和不戴假牙的情况下吞咽2ml水和唾液。他们被要求将2毫升的水含在嘴里，一口气吞下，然后被要求吞下唾液。测点为上下唇中心点、嘴角中心点、下巴中心点、咽喉中心点。分析了每个点上XYZ坐标的运动持续时间和最大位移。戴假牙组唇点运动时间较不戴假牙组短，但差异无统计学意义。除下唇点吞咽唾液外，未戴假牙组最大Y值均大于戴假牙组。不戴义齿的患者的嘴角X值比戴义齿的患者大，但差异无统计学意义。结果表明，无牙患者在没有义齿的情况下吞咽困难。结论：口腔疾病的治疗对吞咽障碍患者的康复至关重要。少

Facial movements, lips and cheeks, have great influences on the masticatory and phonetic functions. However, there was few method to evaluate the facial movements. In this respect, we established a real time measuring system for the shape and the deformation of the face. This system consists of the projector for carrier fringe pattern, one CCD camera and the unit of image analysis boards. The image of the face projected with carrier fringe pattern was multiplied by three computer generated reference images grating with relative phase-shift and three phase-sifted moire images was obtained by low-pass filtering. The process was executed on the hardware with the frequency of 60Hz. Phase data was translated to actual data, by the direct linear translation method. The accuracy of this system was evaluated with the 14 reference points placed equally on the semi-spherical test piece. Deviations of real coordinates and system data were analyzed. Therefore, this system was accurate and useful t … More o analyze dynamic deformation of the face, lips and cheeks during functions.The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic difference of lip movement in denture wearers by the 3-D motion capture system and to search the role of lips and dentures in a series of swallowing movements. The subjects were 5 complete denture wearers ( 67-90 years old, male: 3, female: 2 ). Subjects were instructed to swallow 2ml water and to do saliva swallowing with and without wearing dentures. They were instructed to hold in the mouth 2ml water and swallow at a gulp, then instructed to gulp down their saliva. The measuring points were center points of upper and lower lip, mouth corners, chin and throat.The duration of movement and maximum displacements of XYZ coordinates on each point were analyzed. On wearing dentures the duration of the movement of lip points were shorter than without dentures but were not statistically significant. The maximum Y without dentures were statistically larger compared to those of wearing dentures, except lower lip point on saliva swallowing. The X of mouth corners without dentures were larger compared to wearing dentures, but were not statisticaly significant. These results show that edentulous patient cannot swallow smoothly without dentures. It is concluded that treatment of oral conditions is very important for the rehabilitation of the patient with swallowing disorder. Less