Relationship between changes in serum leptin levels and blood pressure after weight loss

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The aims of this study to clarify the relationship between changes in blood pressure and either the serum leptin level or the insulin levels in 102 moderately obese females (BMI, 29.5±0.5kg/m^2; age, 47.0±0.9) during a 3month period. No differences in age, fat-mass, HOMA, ΣIRI, plasma renin activity (PRA) or 24h norepinephrine excretion (24hU-NE) were observed between the hypertensive (HT) group (n=31) and normotensive (NT) group (n=71) before weight loss, but the basal leptin was significantly higher in the HT than in the NT group. After a 3month weight reduction program, the total abdominal fat serum leptin and ΣIRI significantly decreased in both groups. The SBP, DBP significantly decreased only in the HT but not in the NT group. The 24h U-NE significantly decreased only the HT group. The changes in the leptin level were significantly correlated with the changes in both ΣIRI and HOMA after weight loss in the two groups, respectively. Finally, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the change in the leptin and the changes in the mean blood pressure (MBP) only in the HT group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the changes in MBP were independently associated with the changes in 24h U-NE and the changes in either ΣIRI and HOMA in all subjects. However, a statistically positive correlation was observed between the changes in MBP and the changes in leptin levels even adjusting for the total abdominal fat, 24h U-NE and ΣIRI (both expressed as a percentage of the baseline value) only in the HT group. These results suggest that leptin may play a role in the pathophysiology of obese hypertension. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the saturated fatty acid intake and ΣIRI. These results suggest that saturated fatty acid intake may increased insulin resistance.