权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Study on the long distance transportation of acid snow and its effect on runoff processes

酸雪长距离输送及其对径流过程的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
10450182
负责人：
IKEBUCHI Shuichi
金额：
$ 6.21万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10450182/
关键词：
acid snow cloud microphysics model substance balance multi layer mesh model chemical reaction in soil acid ahock river water pH

项目摘要

In the project, study on the acid snow in the northern part of the Lake BIWA has been done. In the study, transportation, reaction and deposition processes are modeled both physically and chemically. Then the cloud microphysics model that considers the chemical processes of acid snow has been developed. We verify the models by comparison with water quality observation. We also developed the model of runoff process which consists of snow fall, snow storage, snow melt, penetration processes. Finally we also verify the model by comparison with observed data.Development of the numerical model of acid snow : Cloud numerical model that includes the explicit type cloud microphysical processes has been developed based on cloud model made by Oishi. Then we consider the generation and deposition processes of SOx and NOx diagnostically. We obtained the result that the mixing ratio of SOx and NOx is quite bigger than observed data. Therefore, we are now in process of development of the model which prognosticate the chemical transportation processes. This model is one of the best models in the world since it can calculate the distribution of cloud droplet diameter that is very important factor for chemical processes.Modeling of Acid snow runoff process and its application to basin scale : We had the important observation period and routine measuring system in very small basin (5.4 Km^2) for making the model of acid snow runoff process. Then we made the application of the models for considering a basin scale by using a water quantity model, a water quality model, a hybrid model and a multi layer model. We obtained the result that the daily variation of snow melting, decreasing of pH by acid shock, daily variation of pH in the river is well explained.

在该项目中，对琵琶湖北方的酸性雪进行了研究。在研究中，传输，反应和沉积过程的物理和化学模拟。在此基础上，建立了一个考虑酸性雪化学过程的云微物理模式。我们通过与水质观测的比较来验证模型。建立了由降雪、积雪、融雪、渗透过程组成的径流过程模型。酸雪数值模式的建立：在Oishi等人的云模式的基础上，建立了包含显式云微物理过程的云数值模式。在此基础上，对SOx和NOx的生成和沉积过程进行了诊断性研究。计算结果表明，在实验条件下，SOx和NOx的混合比观测值大得多。因此，我们现在正在发展的模型，说明化学品的传输过程。该模式能计算出影响化学过程的重要因子云滴直径的分布，是目前世界上最好的模式之一。酸雪径流过程模拟及其在流域尺度上的应用：在很小的流域（5.4km ^2），我们有重要的观测期和常规的观测系统来建立酸雪径流过程模型。在此基础上，对流域尺度的水量模型、水质模型、混合模型和多层模型进行了应用。结果表明，该模型较好地解释了融雪、酸冲击引起的pH值下降、pH值的日变化等现象。