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Reconstruction of the Cultural Chronology in Ancient Antolia-Kaman-Kalehoyuk from third to second millenium B.C.-

古代安托利亚-卡曼-卡莱霍尤克公元前三至二千年文化年表的重建-

基本信息

批准号：
14101004
负责人：
OMURA Sachihiro
金额：
$ 74.38万
依托单位：
The Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Although "Cultural Chronology" in Anatolia was constructed by European and American researchers from 19th to the beginning of 20th century, in later 1970's it was pointed out that the "Cultural Chronology" was not always correct. In 1985 the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan conducted a preliminary survey at Kaman-Kalehoyuk, an archaeological remain almost in the middle of the Republic of Turkey, and the full-scale excavation there has been continued since 1986. Since then four cultural layers have been confirmed: the first layer is Ottoman period, the second is the Iron age, the third is the Middle and the Late Bronze age and the fourth is the Early Bronze age. The main aims of this research are, reconstructing the "Cultural Chronology", to ascertain following five questions, mysteries of Anatolian Archaeology: 1) whether the "Dark Age" (from 12th century BC to the middle of 8th century) existed or not, 2) when the Iron age started, 3) why the Hittite Empire collapsed, 4) when the Assyrian Colonial period ended and 5) when Indo-European people came into Anatolia.In consequence of careful examination of excavated finds and architectural remains, the followings have come into focus : 1) in 3 millennium BC Indo-European people invaded Central Anatolia and became conflated with native Anatolian culture, besides 2) Mesopotamian culture came into a vortex of the culture, that is to say, native Anatolian, Indo-European and Mesopotamian culture fused together. 3) The Hittite Empire was formed based on the fused culture, and 4) the fused culture and the improvement of metallurgical technology greatly helped the empire to become part of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.According to this research, it is possible to say that coming under the strong cultural influence from neighboring region, in 2 millennium BC Anatolia constructed new culture, and the fused culture, not having an impact on surrounding area, existed as the Anatolian own cultural sphere.

尽管世纪初欧美学者构建了安纳托利亚的“文化年表”，但70年代后期有人指出，“文化年表”并不总是正确的。1985年，日本中东文化中心对位于土耳其共和国中部的Kaman-Kalehoyuk遗址进行了初步调查，并从1986年起继续进行全面挖掘。从那时起，确定了四个文化层：第一层是奥斯曼时期，第二层是铁器时代，第三层是青铜时代中晚期，第四层是青铜时代早期。本研究的主要目的是，重建“文化年表”，以确定以下五个问题，安纳托利亚考古学的奥秘：（1）“黑暗时代”（公元前世纪至前8世纪中期）存在与否，2）铁器时代何时开始，3）赫梯帝国为何崩溃，4）亚述殖民时期结束时和5）印欧人进入安纳托利亚时。经过对出土文物和建筑遗迹的仔细研究，以下是重点：1）公元前3000年，印欧人入侵安纳托利亚中部，与安纳托利亚本土文化融合; 2）美索不达米亚文化进入文化漩涡，安纳托利亚本土文化、印欧文化和美索不达米亚文化融合。3)赫梯帝国是在文化融合的基础上形成的，4）文化融合和冶金技术的进步极大地帮助了赫梯帝国成为东地中海的一部分。根据这项研究，可以说，在邻近地区强大的文化影响下，公元前2000年安纳托利亚建立了新的文化，融合的文化，对周边地区没有影响，作为安纳托利亚自己的文化圈存在。