Reconstruction of the Cultural Chronology in Ancient Antolia-Kaman-Kalehoyuk from third to second millenium B.C.-

虽然从19世纪到20世纪初，欧美学者构建了安纳托利亚的“文化年代学”，但在20世纪70年代后期，有人指出“文化年代学”并不总是正确的。1985年，日本中东文化中心对几乎位于土耳其共和国中部的卡曼-卡列霍尤克考古遗址进行了初步调查，从1986年开始，全面挖掘工作一直在继续。从那时起，四个文化层被确认：第一层是奥斯曼帝国时期，第二层是铁器时代，第三层是青铜器时代中期和晚期，第四层是青铜器时代早期。本研究的主要目的是重建“文化年代学”，以确定以下五个问题，安纳托利亚考古之谜：1)“黑暗时代”（公元前12世纪至8世纪中叶）是否存在，2)铁器时代何时开始，3)赫梯帝国为何崩溃，4)亚述殖民时期何时结束，5)印欧人何时进入安纳托利亚。通过对出土文物和建筑遗迹的仔细研究，我们发现：1)公元前3000年，印欧人入侵安纳托利亚中部，并与安纳托利亚本土文化合并；2)美索不达米亚文化形成了一个文化漩涡，即安纳托利亚本土文化、印欧文化和美索不达米亚文化融合在一起。3)赫梯帝国是在融合文化的基础上形成的，4)融合文化和冶金技术的进步极大地帮助了赫梯帝国成为东地中海的一部分。根据这一研究，可以说在公元前2000年，安纳托利亚受到来自周边地区的强烈文化影响，构建了新的文化，融合的文化不影响周边地区，作为安纳托利亚自己的文化圈存在。

Although "Cultural Chronology" in Anatolia was constructed by European and American researchers from 19th to the beginning of 20th century, in later 1970's it was pointed out that the "Cultural Chronology" was not always correct. In 1985 the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan conducted a preliminary survey at Kaman-Kalehoyuk, an archaeological remain almost in the middle of the Republic of Turkey, and the full-scale excavation there has been continued since 1986. Since then four cultural layers have been confirmed: the first layer is Ottoman period, the second is the Iron age, the third is the Middle and the Late Bronze age and the fourth is the Early Bronze age. The main aims of this research are, reconstructing the "Cultural Chronology", to ascertain following five questions, mysteries of Anatolian Archaeology: 1) whether the "Dark Age" (from 12th century BC to the middle of 8th century) existed or not, 2) when the Iron age started, 3) why the Hittite Empire collapsed, 4) when the Assyrian Colonial period ended and 5) when Indo-European people came into Anatolia.In consequence of careful examination of excavated finds and architectural remains, the followings have come into focus : 1) in 3 millennium BC Indo-European people invaded Central Anatolia and became conflated with native Anatolian culture, besides 2) Mesopotamian culture came into a vortex of the culture, that is to say, native Anatolian, Indo-European and Mesopotamian culture fused together. 3) The Hittite Empire was formed based on the fused culture, and 4) the fused culture and the improvement of metallurgical technology greatly helped the empire to become part of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.According to this research, it is possible to say that coming under the strong cultural influence from neighboring region, in 2 millennium BC Anatolia constructed new culture, and the fused culture, not having an impact on surrounding area, existed as the Anatolian own cultural sphere.