Comparative Sociological Study on Watershed Local Society

本研究分为两个部分：一是江河社会制度研究，二是江河社会制度比较研究，江河社会制度一方面是法律制度，另一方面是传统社会制度。1896年制定的《河流法》具有中央集权的特点。根据这项法律，公共空间由中央政府占有。但是，根据法律，每个社区（Mura）控制稻田用水的传统社区制度继续存在。国家赋予了各个社区传统统治以王权合法性，二战后的“结构改善工程”，改善了稻田条件，使灌溉系统不再需要传统的社区制度。但在这种集中式的管理体制下，水环境变得值钱了，同时人们对水环境的关注也越来越少。因此，目前，我们需要分散的系统，以改善水环境。我们在这些流域社区进行问卷调查。调查结果表明，河流周围的人们对河流环境很感兴趣，他们希望当局改善河流环境。

This Research constitutes two parts of research: social institution on the river and comparative studies of three river.Social institution on the river is made of, in the one side, law system, and in the another side, traditional social system. The river Law which was established in 1896 had the centralized character. Under that law, the publicness was occupied by the central government. But, under the law, Traditional community system by which each community ( Mura ) had controlled water for rice field had continued. The nation had gave each community traditional rule regal legitimacy.After WW II, "the Structural Improvement Project",which improve the conditions of rice field and made irrigation system made the traditional community system unnecessary. At last, the centralized system for control of water was completed.But, under this the centralized system, the water environment had become worth, and at the same time, people had little interest in water environment. So, at the present, we need decentralized system for better water environmentSecond, we made research on Iwaki River, Nagara River, Srakawa River. We conduct questionnaire survey in these river-shed communities. From that survey, it makes clear that people around river now have interest in river environment and they expect the authority to make the river environment better.