Understanding of heat and water balance, and evapotranspiration characteristics on Asian monsoon area with one-dimensional land surface models

利用一维地表模型了解亚洲季风区水热平衡及蒸散特征

• 批准号: 14340142
• 负责人: YAMAZAKI Takeshi
• 金额: $ 2.69万
• 依托单位: Independent Administrative Institution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14340142/
• 关键词: heat and water balance; evapotranspiration characteristics; land surface model; Taiga; tropics; potential response; root system; soil respiration; 積雪水量; 1次元陸面水文モデル; アジアモンスーン域; 降雪遮断; ツンドラ; 凍土; チベット

A one-dimensional land surface model (2LM) including two vegetation layers was adapted to taiga larch forest in Yakutsk eastern Siberia. Small latent heat (large sensible heat) flux was simulated in the larch forest compared with a grass land, it corresponds to observation. It is explained by small leaf area contributing transpiration even if there are no differences on leaf physiological characteristics between larch and grass.Jarvis stomatal conductance model was introduced into 2LM. Two parameter sets was determined with measurements by plant physiologists in several sites in north-east Asia. One is obtained by in situ measurements in each site ; the other is determined by pooled all data, and common to all sites. Similar seasonal courses of water and energy fluxes were simulated using these two parameter sets.Transpiration peak is observed in late dry season in northern Thailand. It means that deep soil water accumulated in rainy season was used. According to examinations with various rooting depth using a multi-layer model, the transpiration peak and annual runoff were simulated with 4 to 5 meters of rooting depth.In order to simulate heat and water environment in soil and soil respiration, diffusion processes of carbon dioxide and water solutions were introduced into the model. The model was adapted to evergreen forest in northern Thailand ; observed profile of soil temperature, water content and carbon dioxide concentration, and soil respiration were reasonably simulated.

以东西伯利亚雅库茨克的泰加落叶松林为研究对象，建立了一个包含两个植被层的一维地表模型。与草地相比，落叶松林地潜热通量较小(感热较大)，与观测值相吻合。这是由于落叶松和草本植物的叶片生理特性没有差异，但叶面积较小对蒸腾作用的贡献较小。植物生理学家在东北亚的几个地点进行了测量，确定了两组参数。一个是通过每个站点的现场测量获得的；另一个是通过汇集所有数据确定的，对所有站点都是通用的。用这两组参数模拟了相似的水分和能量通量的季节变化过程。泰国北部旱季后期出现蒸腾高峰。这意味着利用了雨季积累的深层土壤水分。采用多层模型对不同根系深度下的土壤蒸腾峰值和年径流进行了模拟，模拟了根系深度为4~5m的蒸腾峰值和年径流，并在模型中引入了二氧化碳和水溶液的扩散过程，以模拟土壤和土壤呼吸中的水热环境。该模型适用于泰国北部的常绿森林，较好地模拟了土壤温度、含水率、二氧化碳浓度和土壤呼吸的观测剖面。

项目成果

Water and energy exchanges at forests and a grassland in eastern Siberia evaluated using a one-dimensional land surface model

使用一维地表模型评估西伯利亚东部森林和草原的水和能量交换

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrometeorology 5
• 作者: Yamazaki;T.
• 通讯作者: T.

及川武久 監修: "植生と陸域炭素循環(その4億年のモデリング)"京都大学学術出版会. 454 (2004)

及川武久监督：《植被与陆地碳循环（4亿年的模拟）》京都大学学术出版社454（2004）。

Takata, K.: "Sensitivity of land surface processes to frozen soil permeability and surface water storage"Hydrological Processes. 16. 2155-2172 (2002)

Takata, K.：“地表过程对冻土渗透性和地表水储存的敏感性”水文过程。

Water and energy exchanges at forests and a grassland in eastern Siberia evaluated using a one-dimensional land surface model.

使用一维地表模型评估了西伯利亚东部森林和草原的水和能量交换。

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrometeorology
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Yamazaki;T.
• 通讯作者: T.

Tanaka, K.: "Transpiration peak over a hill evergreen forest in northern Thailand in the late dry season : Assessing the seasonal changes in evapotranspiration using a multilayer model"Journal of Geophysical Research. 108(D17). 4533,doi:10.1029/2002JD0030

Tanaka, K.：“旱季末期泰国北部山上常绿森林的蒸腾峰值：使用多层模型评估蒸散的季节变化”地球物理研究杂志。