The Critical Factors of the Vote Action in Japan and the U.S..

日本和美国投票行动的关键因素

• 批准号: 14510183
• 负责人: KAJIWARA Akira
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Kobe University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510183/
• 关键词: vote action; social capital; trust; assurance; Japan; US; 日米比較; トレンド分析; 社会心理学

This research focuses on vote action in Japan and the United States through social psychological factors such as trust and assurance. Vote action is a group behavior. However, if each elector is selfish, there is no incentive for the elector to vote. On the other hand, in the field of study on social capital in political participation theory as well as on trust in social psychology, they discuss about logics with which people perform cooperative action in a group behavior in recent years. Especially the research conducted from social psychological aspects by Yamagishi (1998) characterizes the Japanese society as assurance-based society and the American society as trust-based society when he compares Japan-U.S. societies. In Japanese society, people are more expected to take cooperation action because they consider profit from their relationship as important. On the contrary, in the American society where they can trust on others more, they are more likely to take cooperative action. If … More we apply this argument to study on vote action, we expect that when people in Japan see the profit from the commitment relationship, they take vote action. Although in the US, we see people don't vote in such case when they trust on others. In order to verify this finding, we have conducted empirical analyses on the difference mentioned above with data from JES in Japan and GSS in the United States. Organizational affiliation is considered as a venue where people produce feeling of trust to general others in society. We have analyzed the mechanism of the organizational affiliation affecting vote action and have found that, in more stable commitment relationship environment in Japanese societysuch as living in small scale town with long year, voters' turnout was high. Also about organizational affiliation, peoplewho belong to the organizations such as agricultural, forestry, and fishery organizations in specific commitment relationship with a certain candidate tend to vote. We have also found that, on the other hand, in the American society, the trust to others in general related vote action. We cannot observe anything related to scale in town where subjects live nor to living years. Finally, we have found the patterns that organization affiliation influences a vote action through the trust to the general others in some kinds of organizations and confirmed our results supports the argument over social capital. Less

本研究重点关注日本和美国通过信任和保证等社会心理因素进行的投票行动。投票行动是一种群体行为。然而，如果每个选举人都是自私的，那么选举人就没有投票的动力。另一方面，近年来，在政治参与理论中的社会资本以及社会心理学中的信任研究领域，人们讨论了人们在群体行为中进行合作行动的逻辑。尤其是山岸（1998）从社会心理学方面进行的研究，在比较日美社会时，将日本社会描述为保证型社会，将美国社会描述为信任型社会。在日本社会，人们更期望采取合作行动，因为他们认为从关系中获利很重要。相反，在美国社会，他们更信任他人，他们更有可能采取合作行动。如果我们应用这个论点来研究投票行动，我们预计当日本人看到承诺关系带来的利润时，他们会采取投票行动。尽管在美国，我们看到人们在信任他人的情况下不会投票。为了验证这一发现，我们利用日本JES和美国GSS的数据对上述差异进行了实证分析。组织隶属关系被认为是人们对社会上的其他人产生信任感的场所。我们分析了组织隶属关系影响投票行为的机制，发现在日本社会较为稳定的承诺关系环境下，如生活在年限较长的小城镇中，选民的投票率较高。另外，在组织隶属关系上，属于与某一候选人有特定承诺关系的农林渔业组织等组织的人也倾向于投票。另一方面，我们也发现，在美国社会，对他人的信任普遍与投票行为有关。我们无法观察到与受试者居住的城镇规模或生活年限有关的任何信息。最后，我们发现了组织隶属关系通过对某些组织中的一般其他人的信任来影响投票行为的模式，并证实我们的结果支持关于社会资本的论点。较少的