International Law Regulation of Terrorism

2001年9月11日发生的恐怖袭击事件是国际恐怖主义和大规模毁灭性的现代现象。恐怖主义有着悠久的历史，自1789年法国大革命以来，恐怖主义行为就开始在政治背景下发生。本研究试图从国际法，特别是国际人道主义法和国际刑法的角度来探讨恐怖主义行为：首先，考虑到一些国际公约和一些国家的法律，如法国刑法和美国爱国法，审议了恐怖主义的法律的定义这一难题。其次，从法律的角度分析了“9·11”事件以来美国的“反恐战争”政策，探讨了国际人道主义法是否适用于阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争中的交战国或恐怖主义行为。分析了关塔那摩监狱中塔利班/基地组织被拘留者的待遇或地位以及伊拉克战争中自杀式炸弹袭击者的待遇或地位等问题。这些被拘留者可能会在国家法庭或国际法庭受到起诉。最后，必须在国际安全和国际人道主义权利和人道的背景下考虑21世纪国际法规的发展。

The terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 has presented the modern phenomena of international terrorism as well as of mass destruction. This research has the purpose to consider international law system and mechanism to prevent, suppress and punish such acts of terrorism.The terrorism has a long history and acts of terrors have occurred in political contexts since the period of the French Revolution of 1789. This research has tried to approach to the acts of terrorism from the view-point of international law, especially international humanitarian law and international criminal law.First, the difficult question of legal definition of terrorism has been considered, taking into account a number of international conventions and several national laws such as French penal law and the U.S.patriotic law. The lists of terrorist groups and state terrorism have been into consideration.Second, the policy "war on terror" of the U.S. since the september 11 has been analysed from the legal view-point, it is considered whether pr not international humanitarian law is applicable to the belligerent or terrorist acts in Afghanistan war and Iraqi war. The question such as the treatment or status of Taliban/A1-Qaeda detainees in Guantanamo camp as well as that of the suicide-bombers in Iraqi war has been analysed. Such detainees may be prosecuted in national tribunals or international court.Finally, the developpement of international regulations in 21st century must be considered in the context of international security and of international humanitarian rights and humanity.