Solving Geometrical Puzzles by the True Slime Mold and Its Intracellular Computational Algorithm

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With use of the single giant amoeboid cell of the Physarum plasmodium, we performed unconventional experiments concerning cellular intelligence and also constructed mathematical models based on nonlinear intracellular dynamics for clarifying computational algorithm. (1) The organism solved such geometrical puzzles as maze problems, Steiner problems, Fermart problems. (2) The formation of vein networks was governed by the trade-off among minimum path-length, assurance for not-breaking apart, and minimum danger, etc. (3) Mathematical models were constructed based on a coupled oscillators where the conservation of mass and the regional difference of the visco-elastic properties were taken into account. The model simulated synchronous oscillation patterns observed in the Physarum. (4) A mathematical model was constructed by taking into adaptive mechanism for the formation of veins. The model simulated maze solving by the Physarum, Steiner problems and Fermart problems.